According to Al-Salem et al. (2016), what conditions in refugee camps predisposed Syrian refugee populations to outbreaks of cutaneous leishmaniasis?

Name: _______________________________________________________________________________

 

• Barnett (2018) recounts schistosomiasis control efforts which have existed for close to a century. Even so, they have not made any significant progress in decreasing disease incidence or prevalence.  This stands in sharp contrast to many other NTDs, which affect many of the same regions and populations, yet are currently experiencing substantial declines.  What are two reasons that schistosomiasis control has not had that same degree of success?  (20 points)

 

 

 

 

 

 

• Schistosomiasis is one of the oldest parasitic infections in the world. In the worst cases, it results in fatality; in milder cases, it results in a “decades-long chronic inflammatory disorder” (King 2009).  Since an individual can still live and work with a chronic parasitic infection like schistosomiasis, why should public health target these diseases for elimination?  (20 points)

 

 

 

 

 

 

• According to Al-Salem et al. (2016), what conditions in refugee camps predisposed Syrian refugee populations to outbreaks of cutaneous leishmaniasis? (20 points)

 

 

 

 

 

 

• Alawieh et al. (2014) describe an outbreak of leishmaniasis in a region that had reported fewer than six total cases per year for 13 years (2000 – 2012). In 2013, the region reported over 1,000 cases, the majority of which (96.6%) were among refugees.  The Lebanese Ministry of Public Health and other government partners initiated a disease control campaign in response to the outbreak.  What are four measures that they took to contain the spread of disease?  (40 points)