National Health Interview Survey

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Suppose that a 2012 National Health Interview Survey gives the number of adults in the United States which gives the number of adults in the United States (reported in thousands) classified by their age group, and whether or not respondents have ever been tested for HIV. Here are the data:

Age Group Tested Never Tested
18–44 years 50,080 56,405
45–64 years 23,768 48,537
65–74 years 2,694 15,162
75 years and older 1,247 14,663
Total 77,789 134,767

 

  1. Discuss probability. What is its history? What is the theory of probability? How is it calculated? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using this technique?

 

  1. Identify and discuss the two major categories of probability interpretations, whose adherents possess conflicting views about the fundamental nature of probability.

 

  1. Based on this survey, what is the probability that a randomly selected American adult has never been tested? Show your work. Hint: using the data in the two total rows, this would be calculated as p (NT) / (p (NT) + p (T)), where p is probability.

 

  1. What proportion of 18- to 44-year-old Americans have never been tested for HIV? Hint: using the values in the 18–44 cells, this would be calculated as p (NT) / (p (NT) + p (T)), where p is probability. Show your work.
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