Bill drives faster than the speed limit only when his friends are in the car with him, because they tell him he is cool. He does not speed when his parents or girlfriend are in the car, because they do not say it is cool. What is the S-delta in this example?

Question 1

4 out of 4 points

A discriminative stimulus is:

Selected Answer:	a. A stimulus in the presence of which a response will be reinforced.
Answers:	a. A stimulus in the presence of which a response will be reinforced.
	b. A stimulus in the presence of which a response will not be reinforced.
	c. A stimulus in the presence of which a response will be placed on extinction.
	d. A stimulus that cues respondent behaviors to occur.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 2

4 out of 4 points

All conditioned motivating operations are motivationally neutral prior to their relation with another MO or to a form of reinforcement or punishment.

Selected Answer:	a. True.
Answers:	a. True.
	b. False.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 3

4 out of 4 points

An S-delta is:

Selected Answer:	a. A stimulus, in the presence of which reinforcement is withheld if a target response occurs.
Answers:	a. A stimulus, in the presence of which reinforcement is withheld if a target response occurs.
	b. A stimulus, in the presence of which reinforcement is delivered if a target response occurs.
	c. The same thing as a discriminative stimulus.
	d. A consequence event.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 4

4 out of 4 points

An ______ effect refers to a decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event.

Selected Answer:	a. Abative.
Answers:	a. Abative.
	b. Informative.
	c. Evocative.
	d. Elicited.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 5

4 out of 4 points

An evocative effect refers to:

Selected Answer:	b. An increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event.
Answers:	a. A decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event.
	b. An increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event.
	c. No effect in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event.
	d. A combination of decreasing and increasing effects in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 6

4 out of 4 points

Behavior-altering effects have:

Selected Answer:	c. Direct and indirect effects.
Answers:	a. Direct effects.
	b. Conditioned effects.
	c. Direct and indirect effects.
	d. Indirect effects.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 7

4 out of 4 points

Beth has been hiking in the desert all day and, as a result, is dying for a glass of water. The increase in the reinforcing value of water due to hiking in the desert is referred to as:

Selected Answer:	b. Deprivation.
Answers:	a. Satiation.
	b. Deprivation.
	c. Conditioning.
	d. Reinforcement.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 8

3 out of 3 points

Bill drives faster than the speed limit only when his friends are in the car with him, because they tell him he is cool. He does not speed when his parents or girlfriend are in the car, because they do not say it is cool. What is the S ^D in this example?

Selected Answer:	c. Friends.
Answers:	a. Parents.
	b. Girlfriend.
	c. Friends.
	d. Parents and girlfriend.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 9

3 out of 3 points

Bill drives faster than the speed limit only when his friends are in the car with him, because they tell him he is cool. He does not speed when his parents or girlfriend are in the car, because they do not say it is cool. What is the S-delta in this example?

Selected Answer:	d. Parents and girlfriend.
Answers:	a. Parents.
	b. Girlfriend.
	c. Friends.
	d. Parents and girlfriend.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 10

4 out of 4 points

Conditioned motivating operations (CMOs) can be classified as reflexive, surrogate, and ______.

Selected Answer:	c. Transitive.
Answers:	a. Transitional.
	b. Commuted.
	c. Transitive.
	d. Explicit.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 11

4 out of 4 points

Conditioned motivating operations (CMOs) have:

Selected Answer:	d. Value-altering motivating effects that are a function of a learning history.
Answers:	a. Value-altering motivating effects that are unlearned.
	b. Behavior-altering motivating effects that are a function of a learning history.
	c. Behavior-altering effects that are unlearned.
	d. Value-altering motivating effects that are a function of a learning history.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 12

4 out of 4 points

Dimensions of behavior-altering effects:

Selected Answer:	b. Include frequency, magnitude, and latency.
Answers:	a. Are limited to frequency.
	b. Include frequency, magnitude, and latency.
	c. Include frequency and magnitude but not latency.
	d. Include frequency and latency but not magnitude.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 13

4 out of 4 points

Learning a skill in one setting and applying it to other applicable settings is known as:

Selected Answer:	d. Stimulus generalization.
Answers:	a. Progress.
	b. Functional progress.
	c. Second generalization.
	d. Stimulus generalization.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 14

4 out of 4 points

Motivating operations:

Selected Answer:	d. Evoke the target behavior even if not first successful at doing so.
Answers:	a. Will evoke the target behavior every single time.
	b. May never evoke the target behavior.
	c. Should evoke the target behavior, but may not consistently do so.
	d. Evoke the target behavior even if not first successful at doing so.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 15

4 out of 4 points

The term motivating operation has been suggested to replace the term establishing operation with the addition of the terms:

Selected Answer:	c. Value-altering, behavior-altering.
Answers:	a. Condition-altering, behavior-altering.
	b. Unconditioned, conditioned.
	c. Value-altering, behavior-altering.
	d. Operant, conditioned evocative.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 16

4 out of 4 points

Unconditioned motivating operations (UMOs) have:

Selected Answer:	a. Value-altering motivating effects that are unlearned.
Answers:	a. Value-altering motivating effects that are unlearned.
	b. Behavior-altering motivating effects that are a function of a learning history.
	c. Behavior-altering effects that are unlearned.
	d. Value-altering motivating effects that are a function of a learning history.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 17

3 out of 3 points

When the family dog licks the faces of the children in the family, they laugh and give the dog a treat. When the dog licks the faces of the parents, they scold the dog. As a result, the dog no longer licks the faces of the parents, but continues to lick the faces of the children. The parents’ faces would be an example of a(n)_________ for the dog licking their faces.

Selected Answer:	b. S-delta.
Answers:	a. Negative reinforcer.
	b. S-delta.
	c. Unconditioned stimulus.
	d. Discriminative stimulus.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 18

3 out of 3 points

When the family dog licks the faces of the children in the family, they laugh and give the dog a treat. When the dog licks the faces of the parents, they scold the dog. As a result, the dog no longer licks the faces of the parents, but continues to lick the faces of the children. The children’s faces would be an example of a(n) ________ for the dog licking their faces.

Selected Answer:	d. Discriminative stimulus.
Answers:	a. Negative reinforcer.
	b. S-delta.
	c. Unconditioned stimulus.
	d. Discriminative stimulus.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 19

3 out of 3 points

Whenever Tommy has a babysitter and asks to stay up past his bedtime, the babysitter lets him. Whenever Tommy asks his parents to let him stay up past his bedtime, they do not let him. As a result, Tommy only asks the babysitter if he can stay up past his bedtime. The presence of the babysitter at bed time is referred to as a(n) __________ for asking to stay up late.

Selected Answer:	d. Discriminative stimulus.
Answers:	a. Stimulus class.
	b. S-delta.
	c. Reinforcer.
	d. Discriminative stimulus.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 20

3 out of 3 points

Whenever Tommy has a babysitter and asks to stay up past his bedtime, the babysitter lets him. Whenever Tommy asks his parents to let him stay up past his bedtime, they do not let him. As a result, Tommy only asks the babysitter if he can stay up past his bedtime. The presence of the parents at bed time is referred to as a(n) __________ for asking to stay up late.

Selected Answer:	b. S-delta.
Answers:	a. Stimulus class.
	b. S-delta.
	c. Reinforcer.
	d. Discriminative stimulus.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 21

0 out of 4 points

Which is the correct representation of the sequence of the four terms of a contingency of reinforcement?

Selected Answer:	d. EO, S ^D, target response, S ^r+ (future responding increases; the EO is not relevant to the S ^r+ selected).
Answers:	a. EO, S^D, target response, S^r+ (future responding increases; the EO is relevant to the S^r+ selected).
	b. S^D, EO, target response, S^r+ (future responding may increase; the EO is relevant to the S^r+ selected).
	c. S^D, EO, target response, S^r+ (future responding decreases; the EO is relevant to the S^r+ selected).
	d. EO, S^D, target response, S^r+ (future responding increases; the EO is not relevant to the S^r+ selected).
Answer Feedback:	Incorrect. Remember, the Sr+ component can only have an impact on behavior if there is an EO for that stimuli.

Question 22

3 out of 3 points

Which of the following are factors that influence the effectiveness of reinforcement?

Selected Answer:	c. Both A and B.
Answers:	a. Different reinforcers work for different people.
	b. Larger reinforcers are generally more effective.
	c. Both A and B.
	d. None of the above.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 23

4 out of 4 points

Which of the following influences the effectiveness of reinforcement?

Selected Answer:	d. All of these.
Answers:	a. Immediacy.
	b. Contingency.
	c. Establishing operations.
	d. All of these.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 24

3 out of 3 points

Which of the following is a trained behavior continuing to occur over time but after training has stopped?

Selected Answer:	b. Response maintenance.
Answers:	a. Response generalization.
	b. Response maintenance.
	c. Stimulus discrimination.
	d. None of the above.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 25

4 out of 4 points

Which statement is true?

Selected Answer:	b. Value-altering and behavior-altering effects describe the defining effects in the original definition of the establishing operation.
Answers:	a. Antecedent variables include only S^Ds.
	b. Value-altering and behavior-altering effects describe the defining effects in the original definition of the establishing operation.
	c. An abolishing operation has a behavior-altering effect in which a decrease in the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event occurs.
	d. Behavior-altering effects refer only to the frequency of a behavior.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 26

4 out of 4 points

______ motivating operations as they relate to the human organism are unlearned and may include deprivation of food, sexual reinforcement, temperature changes, or painful stimulation.

Selected Answer:	b. Unconditioned.
Answers:	a. Conditioned.
	b. Unconditioned.
	c. Surrogate.
	d. Reflex.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Question 27

4 out of 4 points

__________ and __________ are examples of motivating operations that make food more or less effective as reinforcement.

Selected Answer:	d. Satiation, deprivation.
Answers:	a. Time, effort.
	b. Stimulus, antecedent.
	c. Speed, fluency.
	d. Satiation, deprivation.
Answer Feedback:	Correct.

Bill drives faster than the speed limit only when his friends are in the car with him, because they tell him he is cool. He does not speed when his parents or girlfriend are in the car, because they do not say it is cool. What is the S-delta in this example?

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