Health news story

Find a health news story online that is based on an epidemiology study about the coronavirus (COVID-19). The source could be an online newspaper or magazine (Nytimes.com, USAToday.com) or other news source (CNN.com, BBC.co.uk). Please post a link to the story and answer the following questions in 4-6 sentences in a reply below:

  • What made you choose this study?
  • What was the purpose of the study?
  • What details were mentioned about the study (e.g., study design, population, main results/findings)
  • Which populations (pregnant women, children, people who live in Chicago) might be most interested in this study?
  • Do you believe the study’s findings? Why or why not?
  • What else would you want to know or would you like to say about the study?

Dimension m6 disc

 

Directions:

One of the most important skills a nurse needs is clinical judgment. This is a skill that can be learned. Reflect on your own ability to critically think and the reading for this module.

When see yourself as a nurse and giving care, discuss what qualities and behaviors you possess that make you a person that would have good clinical judgment. What three strategies can you use to develop better clinical judgment? As a nurse, what areas of the nursing process do you think might be more challenging to you given the critical thinking and clinical judgment skills you have now?

D10 journal

Think about how the healthcare industry is impacted by economic factors as heavily as any other industry. Now that your project is complete, reflect on the relationships between economics, legislative changes, and policies and how these relationships are important to the overall delivery of healthcare systems. What steps can you take to become active in shaping economic legislation or policies that impact the healthcare industry? Consider how economics will inform the decision making in your current or future position.

In the second part of this journal assignment, compare what you thought you knew about the economics of healthcare with what you learned in the course and identify the significance (what it means to you professionally and/or personally). You might also identify what more you want to learn in relation to the economics of healthcare. 

Identify a critical issue in the 21st century

 Identify a critical issue in the 21st century regarding health care ethics and reform. 

UNIT lV EASSY

Instructions

Identify a critical issue in the 21st century regarding health care ethics and reform. Your essay should detail how health care providers and/or members of a health care ethics committee can impact change in these areas for a more equitable health care system. In your essay, you should also do the following.

· Defend an opinion on the critical issues facing the U.S. health care system in the 21st century.

· Discuss how an ethics committee works to resolve health care issues.

· Discuss health care reform and the U.S. government’s impact on critical issues.

Your essay must be at least three pages in length. Use a minimum of three sources, including your textbook. Adhere to APA Style when constructing this assignment, including in-text citations and references for all sources that are used. Please note that no abstract is needed.



HCA 3302, Critical Issues in Health Care 1

Course Learning Outcomes for Unit IV

Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

2. Defend an opinion on critical issues facing the U.S. health care system in the 21st century.
2.1 Discuss how health care ethics committees work.
2.2 Explain how ethics are applied to critical health care issues.

6. Summarize the government’s impact on health care regulations and reform.

6.1 Discuss critical issues regarding U.S. health care reform.

Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes

Learning Activity

2.1, 2.2

Unit Lesson
Chapter 6
Chapter 11
Unit IV Essay

6.1

Unit Lesson
Chapter 6
Chapter 11
Unit IV Essay

Required Unit Resources

Chapter 6: Healthcare Ethics Committees: Roles, Memberships, Structure, and Difficulties

Chapter 11: A New Era of Health Care: The Ethics of Healthcare Reform

Unit Lesson

In this unit, we will discuss critical issues for health care organizations. Specifically, we will learn about health
care ethics committees: roles, memberships, structure, and difficulties. We will also discuss the ethics of
health care reform.

Ethics Committees

Health care is in an era of intense change, including the uncertainty of the Affordable Care Act of 2010; the
demand for technology; and changing demographics which all pose service, ethical, and fiscal challenges
(Morrison & Furlong, 2019). The engagement of ethics committees in both clinical and policy roles can help a
health care organization meet these intense demands and changes. Traditionally, a health care organization’s
ethics committee had the roles of case consultation, policy development assistance, and education, but each
of these roles needs to be expanded to meet the challenges that a health care organization may face
(Morrison & Furlong, 2019).

Situations involving health care organizations, clinicians, patients, and families often involve difficult decisions
and raise ethically challenging questions regarding the appropriate course of action (American Medical
Association [AMA], n.d.). Ethics committees can assist with decisions regarding informed consent, organ
procurement, withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments, and advance directives. Ethics
committees also can assist with educating health care providers and patients about various issues in clinical
ethics (Pearlman, 2013). In this type of situation, ethics committees provide assistance in making decisions
that reflect the patients’ interests, concerns, and values (AMA, n.d.).

UNIT IV STUDY GUIDE
Critical Issues for Health
Care Organizations

HCA 3302, Critical Issues in Health Care 2

UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title

Around the 1970s, ethics committees for patient care began to develop. In 1992, the Joint Commission on
Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) was established because of a need for health care
organizations to have a standard means of addressing ethical issues and conflict (Morrison & Furlong, 2014).

Hospital ethics committees have three main functions:

1. to create procedures and policies;
2. to train and educate staff; and
3. to conduct clinical consultations.

Individuals with a wide range of expertise and backgrounds often make up ethics committees. It is important
for the members of the ethics committee to be diverse because this is effective in decision-making (Morrison
& Furlong, 2014). The members of ethics committees often include administrators, bioethicists, hospital board
members, and clinicians.

Ethics committees began in response to difficult patient issues. Issues in health care relating to ethics happen
all throughout a health care organization. On a daily basis, hospital administrators and clinicians are
challenged with making difficult health care decisions, which increases the demand for ethical oversight. Due
to this, health care organizations must maintain and hire staff who are well-versed in ethical principles and
practices. Health care organizations react to changes in health care policies and patient care guidelines
through ethics committees. The health care administrator has the job of ensuring ethical integrity throughout
the health care organization. At the clinical level, areas of ethical concern include patient autonomy,
confidentiality, informed consent, treatment termination, and advance consent (Morrison & Furlong, 2014).
The clinical level is where the majority of ethical issues in a health care organization occur.

Derived from ethical decision-making principles and legal and clinical practices, guidelines are used for
treatment termination. Through the ethical principle of autonomy, patients have the right to decide their
treatment plans or choose alternative methods of care. Issues do arise when inappropriate treatment is
demanded by patients.

According to the University of Washington School of Medicine’s Robert Pearlman (2013), traditional ethics
committees should have the following goals:

• uphold the rights of patients, fair policies, and procedures,
• support shared decision-making between health care providers and patients; and
• improve the ethical environment for health care organizations.

Health Care Reform

Health care reform has substantial implications for the future of the society in the United States and its
economic life (Sade, 2012). Health care reform is the governmental policies that aim to implement changes
through the methods of delivering health care services. The main objectives for health care reform are to
advance health care outcomes, increase the quality and value of health hcare services offered, and control
the spending by the United States government.

In order to improve health care outcomes for all individuals, ethical principles should be included in health
care reform. This includes vulnerable populations. Ethical principles, as discussed in earlier units, can be
applied to health care reform. Nonmaleficence cannot happen in a health care organization if there are
individuals who are not insured. Beneficence can be observed by populations who are not covered by
insurance (Morrison & Furlong, 2014). Other ethical principles that have impacted health care reform are
autonomy versus paternalism and distributive justice. Disadvantaged individuals tend to be high utilizers of
health care services.

HCA 3302, Critical Issues in Health Care 3

UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Individuals do not have a constitutional right to health care, as it is not written in the U.S. Constitution. The
federal government, however, does have the authority to collect taxes and regulate interstate commerce, and
this is how both Medicaid and Medicare are funded. Federal and state funding both contribute to Medicaid,
while Medicare is based only on federal funding. In 2010, President Barack Obama signed the Patient
Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare, into law. The primary goals of the ACA
were to grow the number of insured individuals in the United States, improve the quality of health care
offered, and reduce the costs associated with health care services (Manchikanti et al. 2017).

There are several key requirements of ACA:

• Medicaid eligibility for adults who do not have children,
• personal insurance requirements for legal immigrants and U.S. citizens,
• preventative health care services that have no co-pays, and
• private and public health insurance with no preexisting conditions clauses.

The ACA of 2010 created ethical arguments over several controversial topics. The ACA was deemed by
many to be unethical because the act required U.S. citizens to have health insurance and many individuals
believed that ACA was a violation of their right to choose. Some religious traditions include health care as a
right; however, many people argue that health and health care are social goods (Morrison & Furlong, 2019).
Due to the ethical debates surrounding the ACA, health care reform is still a very large topic at the forefront
today.

Since the passing of the ACA in 2010, the ACA has been applauded for increasing the number of insured
individuals in the United States. The majority of the expansion of people insured was because of Medicaid
enrollment. But the ACA has not worked well for the working and middle classes who receive much less
government support (Manchikanti et al., 2017). This has caused the enrollment in the health care marketplace
exchange to be lower than anticipated and has lowered the number of people accepting health benefits from
an employer. Further, the ACA widened the gap between patients who are actually receiving health care and
those having the ability to pay for health care (Manchikanti et al., 2017).

Tax Cut and Jobs Act

In 2017, President Donald Trump signed the Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017 (Tax Act). Part of this act took
effect January 1, 2018; however, the portion that affects health care coverage and the ACA were delayed until
2019 (Domenick, 2017). The Tax Act eliminated the individual mandate penalties of the ACA, and the
government will no longer collect individual mandate penalties if a person does not have health care
insurance coverage in 2019 and after. This does not mean that there is not a requirement for individuals to
have health care insurance; however, without penalties, there is no enforcement (Domenick, 2017).

We the Economy

For an example of patient cost in the United States health care system, please review the video: We the
Economy: This Won’t Hurt a Bit!-Why Is Healthcare So Expensive?

The transcript for this video can be found by clicking on “Transcript” in the gray bar to the right of the video in
the Films on Demand database.

Conclusion

Ethics committee members must also be well-versed in ethical principles and complex decision-making
(Morrison & Furlong, 2014). Patients and their families play a vital role in addressing health care matters and
reform and should have ethics committee representation.

HCA 3302, Critical Issues in Health Care 4

UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title

References

American Medical Association. (n.d.). Ethics committees in health care institutions. https://www.ama-

assn.org/delivering-care/ethics/ethics-committees-health-care-institutions.

Domenick, L. (2017). 2019 repeal of the Affordable Care Act’s individual mandate penalties. Holland & Hart.

https://www.hollandhart.com/2019-repeal-of-the-affordable-care-acts-individual-mandate-penalties

Manchikanti, L., Helm, S., Benyamin, R. M., & Hirsch, J. A. (2017). A critical analysis of Obamacare:

Affordable care or insurance for many and coverage for few? Pain Physician, 20(3), 111–138.
https://www.painphysicianjournal.com/linkout?issn=1533-3159&vol=20&page=111

Morrison, E. E., & Furlong, B. (Eds.). (2014). Health care ethics: Critical issues for the 21st century (3rd ed.).

Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Morrison, E. E., & Furlong, B. (Eds.). (2019). Health care ethics: Critical issues for the 21st century (4th ed.).

Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Pearlman, R. A. (2013). Ethics committees and consultation. University of Washington.

https://depts.washington.edu/bhdept/ethics-medicine/bioethics-topics/detail/64

Sade, R. M. (2012). Health care reform: Ethical foundations, policy, and law. Journal of the American College

of Surgeons, 215(2), 286–296.

  • Course Learning Outcomes for Unit IV
  • Required Unit Resources
  • Unit Lesson
    • Ethics Committees
    • Health Care Reform
    • Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
    • Tax Cut and Jobs Act
    • We the Economy
    • Conclusion
    • References

Global nursing shortage

Evaluate the effects of the global nursing shortage on health policy. How has the shortage affected the United Nations Millennium Development Goals? Analyze how nursing ideas, values, and beliefs impact policy agenda. Identify when policy can dictate treatment options. 

Instructions: Discussion board post, so 1 page to 1 and 1/2 pages is okay. MUST have at least 3 references. APA style.

Health organization evaluation

please see instruction

Research a health care organization or network that spans several states with in the United States (United Healthcare, Vanguard, Banner Health, etc.). Assess the readiness of the health care organization or network you chose in regard to meeting the health care needs of citizens in the next decade.

Prepare a 1,000-1,250 word paper that presents your assessment and proposes a strategic plan to ensure readiness. Include the following:

1. Describe the health care organization or network.

2. Describe the organization’s overall readiness based on your findings.

3. Prepare a strategic plan to address issues pertaining to network growth, nurse staffing, resource management, and patient satisfaction.

4. Identify any current or potential issues within the organizational culture and discuss how these issues may affect aspects of the strategic plan.

5. Propose a theory or model that could be used to support implementation of the strategic plan for this organization. Explain why this theory or model is best.

You are required to cite a minimum of three sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be appropriate for the assignment and relevant to nursing practice.  

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

Hypothyroidism

  

Instructions: Select one of the topic mentioned below and discuses filling the attached form.

Topics: Hypothyroidism

Requirements

Ø The discussion must address the topic

Ø Rationale must be provided

Ø Use at least 600 words (no included 1st page or references in the 600 words)

Ø May use examples from your nursing practice

Ø Formatted and cited in current APA 7

Ø Use 3 academic sources, not older than 5 years. Not Websites are allowed.

Ø Plagiarism is NOT permitted

Soap Note # ____ Main Diagnosis ______________

PATIENT INFORMATION

Name:

Age:

Gender at Birth:

Gender Identity:

Source:

Allergies:

Current Medications:

·

PMH:

Immunizations:

Preventive Care:

Surgical History:

Family History:

Social History:

Sexual Orientation:

Nutrition History:


Subjective Data:

Chief Complaint:

Symptom analysis/HPI:

The patient is …


Review of Systems (ROS) (This section is what the patient says, therefore should state Pt denies, or Pt states….. )

CONSTITUTIONAL:

NEUROLOGIC:

HEENT:

RESPIRATORY:

CARDIOVASCULAR:

GASTROINTESTINAL:

GENITOURINARY:

MUSCULOSKELETAL:

SKIN:


Objective Data:

VITAL SIGNS:

GENERAL APPREARANCE:

NEUROLOGIC:

HEENT:

CARDIOVASCULAR:

RESPIRATORY:

GASTROINTESTINAL:

MUSKULOSKELETAL:

INTEGUMENTARY:


ASSESSMENT:


(In a paragraph please state “your encounter with your patient and your findings ( including subjective and objective data)


Example : “Pt came in to our clinic c/o of ear pain. Pt states that the pain started 3 days ago after swimming. Pt denies discharge etc… on examination I noted this and that etc.)

Main Diagnosis

(Include the name of your Main Diagnosis along with its ICD10 I10. (Look at PDF example provided) Include the in-text reference/s as per APA style 7th Edition. Make a paragraph

Differential diagnosis (minimum 4) make a paragraph for each one



PLAN:

Labs and Diagnostic Test to be ordered (if applicable)

· –

· –

Pharmacological treatment:

Non-Pharmacologic treatment:

Education (provide the most relevant ones tailored to your patient)

Follow-ups/Referrals

References (in APA Style)

nurs-6051n

 

  • Review the concepts of informatics as presented in the Resources.
  • Reflect on the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.
  • Consider how knowledge may be informed by data that is collected/accessed.

The Assignment:

  • Explain the concept of a knowledge worker.
  • Define and explain nursing informatics and highlight the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.
  • Include one slide that visually represents the role of a nurse leader as knowledge worker.
  • Your PowerPoint should Include the hypothetical scenario you originally shared in the Discussion Forum. Include your examination of the data that you could use, how the data might be accessed/collected, and what knowledge might be derived from that data. Be sure to incorporate feedback received from your colleagues’ responses.

Categories of informatics discussion – 400 words

Categories: Public Health Informatics and Clinical Research Informatics

  • Analyze (compare and contrast) two definitions for each category.
  • Compare and contrast the focus area of the two categories.
  • Identify and describe a hot topic related to each category.
  • Describe a scholarly website or resource, other than AMIA, for each category.

3 references and must be within the last 5 years

Pro abortion

  • Why do you feel the way you do about the issue presented?
  • Which Specific ethical theory would you use to support your stance? Why does this theory work?

4.       Support your conclusions with evidence and specific examples from the textbook, including a minimum of one theory of ethics to defend your stance.

5.       Your reflection must be 1-2 pages in length and follow APA formatting and citation guidelines as appropriate, making sure to cite at least two sources.

Reflective Journal Template – Topic Reflection

Topic

What are the key points of contention on this topic?

What side of the argument (stance) do you take on this topic?

What strong points does the other side of this topic have?

What were the three most important things you took away from the topic?

1.

2.

3.

Which ethical theory (of the 6 approved ones ONLY – Kant; Act Utilitarianism; Rule Utilitarianism; Care Ethics; Virtue Ethics; and Social Contract) would you apply to this topic to defend your stance?
Explain fully. 250 words.

A) In this reflection you must first define the key terms of the debate (for example, define what Euthanasia/Abortion/Stem Cell/Public Health/PreNatal Testing/Animal Research/Health Care, etc. means and what are the different types depending on which topic you are discussing)

B) Define and explain the ethical theory you chose (show me you know exactly what the theory is and does – in your own words)

C) Present the evidence both pro and con and follow up how using your ethical theory is the best way to determine whether or not your stance is really ethical

D) Conclusion – any final thoughts and opinions would go here

E) 2 to 3 resources as support for your evidence (text book counts as 1)