It is a course of mental illness related to sociology.Please read the attached files and watch the video (link below) to understand the task properly. Its one page writing with any of the following–
LABELING AND STIGMASeptember 26 & 28 Everyday Sanism•-isms are a fundamental topic for critical scrutiny in sociology•classism, heterosexism, ethnocentrism, ableism, racism, sexism/genderism, and ageism•understandingthe ways in which normative practices and beliefs function to oppress and discriminate those on the periphery•Sanismisasystem,orwaythatmakesitokayforsocietytoother(pickon,makefunof,discriminate,reject,silence)people with mental health disorders•The –isms are similar in that they can be stereotypes (how we think), prejudice (how we feel) and discrimination (how we act) towards others Instagram Tw i t t e r Tik Tok Novelty Shops Sociological Imagination•C. Wright Mills•“Thesociologicalimagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society that is its task and its promise”•Private Troubles Social Problems SanismAssignment•Who created this text/media and why?•What is being presented in the material/text?•What argument does it make?•What kinds of images are used and why?•How is the main subject (situation, person, policy etc.) being constructed/presented? &/orWhat is the main concern, issue, tensions and how is it presented?•Whose point of views presented? challenged? How is it being told?•How do sociological concepts such as (social norms, power, values, groups, beliefs, gender, race, orientation, etc.) help to understand how audiences may ‘read’/understand the material/subject?•What/how are assumed truths/ assumptions/ take for granted wisdom contested (orenacted) in the text/media (by who? & What is response) Who experiences mental illness?1,2•In anygivenyear,1in7 Canadians experiencesamentalillness•1 in3Canadians will be affected by mental illness in their lifetime•Everyyear,1in7peopleusehealthservicesformentalillness•Canadianfemales are 30% more likely than males to use health services for mental illness•Young people aged 15 to 24 are more likely to experience mental illness and/or substance use disorders than any other age group•Men have higher rates of substance use disorders than women, while women have higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders•Canadians in the lowest income group are 3 to 4 times more likely than those in the highest income group to report poor to fair mental health•Studies in various Canadian cities have indicated that between 23% and 67% of homeless people may have a mental illness ‘Sick Role’3Temporary social role that individuals take when they become illPatter n of behaviourthat people must do as part of the “responsibility” of being sick•The sickpersonisexemptfromnormalsocialroles•The sick person is not responsible for their condition•The sickpersonisobligatedtogetwell•The sick person is obligated to seek technically competent help Criticisms•Focus on acute illness rather than chronic illness•Limited toselectphysical conditions, ignoring psychosocial conditions•Medico-centric with a professional bias against self-care•Decontextualized, failing to consider the influence of aspects of social location (culture, class, gender) Labeling ourselves and others as ‘ill’4Break the rules (primary deviance)Labeled as deviantAdopt the role of “deviant”Conform to the label (secondary deviance)•Thomas Szasz (1960) –”The myth of mental illness”•Howwelabelpeoplematters•LabelingTheory(ThomasScheff, 1 9 6 6 )•If a person breaks norms (cognitive, performance, feeling) they’re labeled as mentally ill (i.e., diagnosed). They then begin to act in accordance tothat label Labeling ourselves and others as ‘ill’5Labeled and social meanings of label become relevant to selfResponse: SecrecyWithdrawalEducationNegative consequences for self-esteem, earnings, social tiesVu l n e r a b l e t o new disorder or repeat episodes of existing disorder•What does thereactiontothelabellooklike?Whataretheconsequences?•Modified labeling theory (Link et al., 1989)•Key:beliefsaboutdevaluationanddiscrimination Stigma5•Erving Goffman, 1963•Stigma is “an attribute that is deeply discrediting” that reduces someon“from a whole and usual person to a tainted; discounted one”-Abominations of the body (i.e., deformities)-Blemishes of individual character (as inferred from mental illness, addiction, unemployment…)-“Tribal” identities (race, sex, religion, nationality)•Updated: Stigma exists when a person is labeled and thus linked to negative stereotypes; categorized as ”them”; and experience status loss, discrimination, and unequal outcomes (Link & Phelan, 2001, 2013) Do we see stigma toward Mental Disorder?•In some ways, the public has become more accepting•More willing to report having a mental disorder•More likely to approach others and utilize informal support to cope with mental disordersAnd yet…•Newspapers articles on mental disorder mention violence, criminals, use theme of fear •We don’t want to associate with people with mental disorders Experiences of Stigma6•In a 2019 survey of working Canadians•75%ofrespondentssaidtheywouldbereluctant(48%)–orwouldrefuse (27%) -to disclose a mental illness to an employer or co-worker•Respondentswerenearly3timeslesslikely to want to disclose a mental illness like depression than a physical one like cancer•To preasonsforthisreluctance were:The beliefthatthereisstigmaaroundmentalillnessNot wantingtobetreateddifferentlyorjudged,andBeing afraid of negative consequences, such as losing your job•However,76%ofrespondents stated that they themselves would be completely comfortable with and supportive of a colleague with mental illness Public Perceptions of Stigma7 What does stigmamean?•Negative judgement•Judgement based on one aspect of a person’s life•Long-lastinglabels•Disgrace•Embarrassment andshame•Something you are not proud of and what to hide•Being treated differently from the rest of societyHow does stigma affect people?•Violation ofhumanrights(e.g.,beingtreatedwithlessconsideration and respect when seeking medical care and housing)•Lackofemployment(losingjobsanddifficulty getting jobs)•Negative feelingsaboutthemselves(internalizing negative beliefs of others)•Avoiding services (e.g., disrespectful treatment)•Continuing substance use (to cope with other people’s negative attitudes and their own feelings) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQoiz4wfV_c&ab_channel=NationalCouncilofSocialService Things to reduce stigma71.Know the facts.Educate yourselfabout mental illness including substance use disorders.2.Be aware of your attitudes and behaviour. Examine your own judgmental thinking, reinforced by upbringing and society.3.Choose your words carefully. The way we speak can affect the attitudes of others.4.Educate others.Pass on f actsand positive attitudes; challenge myths and stereotypes.5.Focus on the positive. Mental illness, including addictions, are only part of anyone’s larger picture.6.Support people. Treat everyone with dignity and respect; offer support and encouragement.7.Include everyone. It’s against the law to deny jobs or services to anyone with these health issues. Reactions to StigmaElephant in the Room: Mood Disorders Society of CanadaBring Change to Mind: nonprofit started by Glenn Close ´Aggressive, ever-increasing sales targets in call centres, regardless of sick days, disability´Bullying by managers (pressure to meet targets)´Stress-related anxiety, depression, stress leave, physical health effects (e.g., ulcers), leaving the job´Bell denied the claimshttps://www.cbc.ca/news/health/bell-employees-stressed-by-sales-targets-1.4418876 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZdUz0tlKZ78&ab_channel=BringChangetoMind Stigma Power8Bourdieu –symbolic powerPeople achieve three basic goals by stigmatizing other people:1)Exploitation/domination (keeping people down)2)Enforcement of social norms (keeping people in line)3)Avoidance(keepingpeopleaway)Stigmatization is an exercise of power –takespowertostigmatizeEffects of stigma are a social penalty (loss of status and potential for discrimination)Mechanismfordiscrimination-Direct person-to-person discrimination-Structural discrimination-Interactional discrimination-Discrimination operating through the stigmatized person Tics and Tik Tok References1.CAMH. (n.d.) Mental Illness and Addiction: Facts and Statistics. Retrieved from: https://www.camh.ca/en/driving-change/the-crisis-is-real/mental-health-statistics2.Government of Canada. (2020). Mental Illness in Canada. Retrieved from: https://health-infobase.canada.ca/datalab/mental-illness-blog.html3.Segall, A., Fries, C. (2011). Applying the Sociological Imagination to Health, Illness, and the Body in Pursuing Health and Wellness. (1stEdition), pp. 28-56.4.Cockerham, W.C. (2021) Mental Disorders as Deviant Behaviour(11thEdition), pp. 110-133.5.Cockerham, W.C. (2021). Stigma in Sociology of Mental Disorder (11thEdition), pp. 246-259.6.Ipsos. (2019). Mental illnesses increasingly recognized as disability, but stigma persists. Retrieved from https://www.ipsos.com/en-ca/news-polls/mental-illness-increasingly-recognized-as-disability7.CAMH. (n.d.) Addressing Stigma. Retrieved from: https://www.camh.ca/en/driving-change/addressing-stigma8.Link,B.,Phelan, J. (2014). Stigma Power. Social Science & Medicine, 103, 24-32.