Respiratory Alterations

/in /by

Respiratory Alterations

In clinical settings, patients often present with various respiratory symptoms such as congestion, coughing, and wheezing. While identifying a symptom’s underlying illness can be challenging, it is essential because even basic symptoms such as persistent coughing can be a sign of a more severe disorder. Advanced practice nurses must be able to differentiate between moderate and severe respiratory disorders, as well as properly diagnose and prescribe treatment for their patients. For this reason, you must have an understanding of the pathophysiology of respiratory disorders.

Consider the following three scenarios:

Scenario 1:

Ms. Teel brings in her 7-month-old infant for evaluation. She is afraid that the baby might have respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) because she seems to be coughing a lot, and Ms. Teel heard that RSV is a common condition for infants. A detailed patient history reveals that the infant has been coughing consistently for several months. It’s never seemed all that bad. Ms. Teel thought it was just a normal thing, but then she read about RSV. Closer evaluation indicates that the infant coughs mostly at night; and, in fact, most nights the baby coughs to some extent. Additionally, Ms. Teel confirms that the infant seems to cough more when she cries. Physical examination reveals an apparently healthy age- and weight-appropriate, 7-month-old infant with breath sounds that are clear to auscultation. The infant’s medical history is significant only for eczema that was actually quite bad a few months back. Otherwise, the only remarkable history is an allergic reaction to amoxicillin that she experienced 3 months ago when she had an ear infection.

Scenario 2:

Kevin is a 6-year-old boy who is brought in for evaluation by his parents. The parents are concerned that he has a really deep cough that he just can’t seem to get over. The history reveals that he was in his usual state of good health until approximately 1 week ago when he developed a profound cough. His parents say that it is deep and sounds like he is barking. He coughs so hard that sometimes he actually vomits. The cough is productive for mucus, but there is no blood in it. Kevin has had a low-grade temperature but nothing really high. His parents do not have a thermometer and don’t know for sure how high it got. His past medical history is negative. He has never had childhood asthma or RSV. His mother says that they moved around a lot in his first 2 years and she is not sure that his immunizations are up to date. She does not have a current vaccination record.

Scenario 3:

Maria is a 36-year-old who presents for evaluation of a cough. She is normally a healthy young lady with no significant medical history. She takes no medications and does not smoke. She reports that she was in her usual state of good health until approximately 3 weeks ago when she developed a “really bad cold.” The cold is characterized by a profound, deep, mucus-producing cough. She denies any rhinorrhea or rhinitis—the primary problem is the cough. She develops these coughing fits that are prolonged, very deep, and productive of a lot of green sputum. She hasn’t had any fever but does have a scratchy throat. Maria has tried over-the-counter cough medicines but has not had much relief. The cough keeps her awake at night and sometimes gets so bad that she gags and dry heaves.

To Prepare

– Review the three scenarios, as well as Chapter 27 and Chapter 28 in the Huether and McCance text.

– Select one of the scenarios and consider the respiratory disorder and underlying alteration associated with the type of cough described.

– Identify the pathophysiology of the alteration that you associated with the cough.

– Select two of the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factors you selected might impact the disorder.

Post a description of the disorder and underlying respiratory alteration associated with the type of cough in your selected scenario. Then, explain the pathophysiology of the respiratory alteration. Finally, explain how the factors you selected might impact the disorder.

LEARNING RESOURCES

 

Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

  • Chapter 26, “Structure and      Function of the Pulmonary System”

This chapter provides information relating to the structure and function of the pulmonary system to illustrate normal pulmonary function. It focuses on gas transport to build the foundation for examining alterations of pulmonary function.

  • Chapter 27, “Alterations of      Pulmonary Function”

This chapter examines clinical manifestations of pulmonary alterations and disorders of the chest wall and pleura. It covers the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of obstructive lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis, and emphysema.

  • Chapter 28, “Alterations of      Pulmonary Function in Children”

This chapter focuses on alterations of pulmonary function that affect children. These alterations include disorders of the upper and lower airways.

Hammer, G. G. , & McPhee, S. (2014). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine. (7th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

  • Chapter 9, “Pulmonary      Disease”

This chapter begins with an overview of normal structure and function of the lungs to provide a foundation for examining various lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

** American Lung Association. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.lung.org/ 

** Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.aafa.org 

** Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.cff.org/ 

Instructor Requirements

As advanced practice nurses, we are scholars, nurse researchers and scientists. As such, please use Peer-Reviewed scholarly articles and websites designed for health professionals (not designed for patients) for your references. Students should be using the original citation in Up

to Date and go to that literature as a reference. The following are examples (not all inclusive) of resources/websites deemed inadmissible for scholarly reference:

1. Up to Date (must use original articles from Up to Date as a resource)

2. Wikipedia

3. Cdc.gov- non healthcare professionals section

4. Webmd.com

5. Mayoclinic.com

– This work should have  Introduction and  Conclusion

– It should have at least 3 current references

– APA format

This paper should have Introduction and Conclusion

Financial Analysis (Financial Management)

/in /by

I HAVE ATTACHED A POWERPOINT FOR THIS SPECIFIC CHAPTER, I HAVE ALSO ATTACHED PICTURES OF A FEW PAGES IN MY TEXTBOOK THAT ARE RELATED TO THE QUESTIONS, ALSO A ATTACHMENT PICTURE OF THE QUESTIONS.

Q.1  Low Carb Diet Supplement Inc. has two divisions. Division A has a profit of $156,000 on sales of $2,010,000. Division B is able to make only $28,800 on sales of $329,000. Based on the profit margins (returns on sales), which division is superior?

Q.2. Database systems is considering expansion into a new product line. Assets to support expansion will cost $380,000. It is estimated that Database can generate $1,410,000 in annual sales, with an 8 percent profit margin. What would net income and return on assets (investment) be for the year?

Q.3. Polly Esther Dress Shops Inc. Can open a new store that will do an annual sales volume of $837,900. It will turn over its assets 1.9 times per year. The profit margins on sales will be 8 percent. What would net income and return on assets (investment) be for the year?

Q.4. Billy’s Crystal stores Inc. has assets of $5,960,000 and turns over assets 1.9 times per year. Return on assets is 8 percent. What is the firms profit margin(Return on sales)?

Heritage Of The Appalachian And Arab People

/in /by

Read chapter 8 and 9 of the class textbook and review the attached Power Point presentation.  Once done, answer the following questions;

1.  Give an overview of the Appalachian and Arab heritage related to their healthcare beliefs and mention if there is any similarity in both cultures.  Give an example.

2.  How the Appalachian and Arab heritage view the process of death and explain if there is any similarity in any of them?

3.  Explain is there is any similarity in the healthcare beliefs of the Appalachian and Arab heritage with the evidence based nursing care that is provide.

As stated in the syllabus present your assignment in an APA format word document, Arial 12 font attached to the forum in the discussion tab of the blackboard title “Week 4 discussion questions”.  A minimum of two evidence based references no older than 5 years old  besides the class textbook are required.   500 words are required.

The word document is a example that I need .

NURSING —-APA ONLY ASSIGNMENT

/in /by

Create your Assignment submission and be sure to cite your sources if needed, use APA style as required, and check your spelling.

Assignment:

Case Study:

Mrs. Adams, a 68-year-old widow who was referred to case management upon discharge from the hospital based on her physician’s recommendation that she is not able to care for herself independently. Her diagnosis is diabetes, hypertension, and breast cancer. She is 5 days’ post-op from a right sided mastectomy.   Mrs. Adams apartment is located in a low income area of the city where crime is prevalent.  Upon assessment by the Community Health Nurse, Mrs. Adams apartment was in disorder with minimal airflow or light. Her cloths appeared unchanged and she had no food in the apartment.  The small apartment also housed 3 cats and a small dog who Mrs. Adams considers family since the death of her husband 1 year ago. Mrs. Adams complains of pain and draining from her surgical site and a broken air conditioner.

  • Using Nightingales Environmental Theory, what actions would the nurse take upon the first assessment?
  • What are the five essential components of Nightingales Theory?
  • Prioritize an appropriate care plan for Mrs. Adams?
  • Apply Nightingale’s Environmental Theory to an area of your nursing practice, what patient population would benefit from this approach?  Support this practice change with at least one evidenced-based article (this means current EBP of 5 years of less for the article.)

The assignment should be completed in APA format, as an essay of between 1000 and 1500 words. The paper should include at least 2 outside references and the textbook. The paper should be in APA format with a title page, level headings, and reference page, please see the Shell that I have included in this module. 1st person is not acceptable in APA papers, make sure to keep this is 3rd person. 

Finance Statement Questions

/in /by

Project 3 Workbook Questions

Income Statement:

1. Based on your horizontal analysis of Choice Hotels’ and Marriott International’s total revenue, total expenses, and net income, which company would be a more attractive target for an acquisition by the equity firm and why?

2. Given the changes in total revenue, operating income, and net income from 2016 to 2017, did Choice Hotels or Marriott International experience more change? Which area (total revenue, operating income, or net income) changed most?

Balance Sheet:

1. Based on your horizontal analysis of Choice Hotels’ and Marriott International’s total assets, total liabilities, and total equity, which company is most attractive for an acquisition by the equity firm and why?

2. What advice would you give to the client, Choice Hotels, to reduce its total liabilities?

Cash Flow:

1. Based on your horizontal analysis of Choice Hotels’ and Marriott International’s operating, investing, and financing activities, which company is most attractive for an acquisition by the equity firm and why?

2. What advice would you give to the client, Choice Hotels, to improve their investing and financing activities?

Budgeting:

1. Quick ratios between 0.5 and 1 are considered satisfactory, as long as the collection of receivables is not expected to slow. Does the client, Choice Hotels, have enough current assets to meet the payment schedule of current liabilities with a margin of safety?

2. Which of the above ratios would you use to determine which company, Choice Hotels or Marriott International, is more attractive for an acquisition by the equity firm and why?

Profitability:

1. The return on assets ratio tells us the profit generated by each dollar in assets. You will want to compare this ratio to Choice Hotels’ historical performance and to Marriott International to understand if it is an acceptable ratio. Is the return on assets ratio acceptable? Why or why not?

2. Which of the above ratios would you use to determine which company, Choice Hotels or Marriott International, is more attractive for an acquisition? Why?

3. Based on the financial statement analysis, earnings per share analysis, budgeting ratios, and the above profitability ratios, which company would you invest in and why?

NURS 5052/NURS 6052: ESSENTIALS OF EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE –

/in /by

Course Project: Part 3—Translating Evidence Into Practice

 

In Part 3 of the Course Project, you consider how the evidence you gathered during Part 2 can be translated into nursing practice.

 

(Link for part 1 – https://www.homeworkmarket.com/content/nurs-5052nurs-6052-essentials-evidence-based-practice-course-project-part-1-grading-rubic-an)

 

(Link for part 2 – https://www.homeworkmarket.com/content/nurs-5052nurs-6052-essentials-evidence-based-practice-course-project-part-2-grading-rubic-an)

 

Now that you have located available research on your PICOT question, you will examine what the research indicates about nursing practices. Connecting research evidence and findings to actual decisions and tasks that nurses complete in their daily practice is essentially what evidence-based practice is all about. This final component of the Course Project asks you to translate the evidence and data from your literature review into authentic practices that can be adopted to improve health care outcomes. In addition, you will also consider possible methods and strategies for disseminating evidence-based practices to your colleagues and to the broader health care field.

 

To prepare:

 

Consider Parts 1 and 2 of your Course Project. How does the research address your PICOT question?

With your PICOT question in mind, identify at least one nursing practice that is supported by the evidence in two or more of the articles from your literature review. Consider what the evidence indicates about how this practice contributes to better outcomes.

Explore possible consequences of failing to adopt the evidence-based practice that you identified.

Consider how you would disseminate information about this evidence-based practice throughout your organization or practice setting. How would you communicate the importance of the practice?

 

To complete:

 

In a 3- to 4-page paper:

 

Restate your PICOT question and its significance to nursing practice.

Summarize the findings from the articles you selected for your literature review. Describe at least one nursing practice that is supported by the evidence in the articles. Justify your response with specific references to at least 2 of the articles.

Explain how the evidence-based practice that you identified contributes to better outcomes. In addition, identify potential negative outcomes that could result from failing to use the evidence-based practice.

Outline the strategy for disseminating the evidence-based practice that you identified throughout your practice setting. Explain how you would communicate the importance of the practice to your colleagues. Describe how you would move from disseminating the information to implementing the evidence-based practice within your organization. How would you address concerns and opposition to the change in practice?

 

This part of the Course Project is due. It should be combined with the other two components of the Course Project and turned in as your Portfolio Assignment for this course.

Note: In addition, include a 1-page summary of your project.

You will combine Parts 1, 2, and 3 of your Course Project (assigned in Weeks 2, 4, and 8 respectively) into one cohesive and cogent paper.

 

For this final iteration, you will need to:

Submit your paper to Grammarly and SafeAssign through the Walden Writing Center. Based on the Grammarly and SafeAssign reports, revise your paper as necessary.

Reminder: The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The School of Nursing Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available from the Walden University website found in this week’s Learning Resources). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

 

 

Please follow the belo link for Templates:

 

http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates

 

Required Readings

 

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Chapter 12, “Sampling in Quantitative Research”

This chapter introduces key concepts concerning sampling in quantitative research. This includes such concepts as a description of populations, different types of sampling and their uses, and how to determine a manageable, yet sufficient number to be included in a sample. The chapter also includes suggestions for implementing a sampling plan.

 

Chapter 13, “Data Collection in Quantitative Research”

Once a sampling design is complete, the next step is to collect the data, and this is the focus of Chapter 13. The chapter describes how to develop a data collection plan, and provides information about the different types of instruments that can be used, such as structured observation and biophysiologic measures.

 

Chapter 22, “Sampling in Qualitative Research”

The focus of this chapter is on the sampling process in qualitative research. The chapter describes the different types of sampling and when they are commonly used. Sampling techniques in the three main qualitative traditions (ethnography, phenomenological studies and grounded theory studies) are highlighted.

 

Chapter 23, “Data Collection in Qualitative Research”

This chapter examines the process of data collection in qualitative research as well as key issues surrounding data collection. This includes such methods as self-reporting, surveys, interviews, and personal journal keeping. The chapter also highlights important considerations when utilizing unstructured observations to gather data and how to record field notes.

Keough, V. A., & Tanabe, P. (2011). Survey research: An effective design for conducting nursing research. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 1(4), 37–44. Copyright 2011 by Elsevier Science & Technology Journals. Used with permission of Elsevier  Science & Technology Journals via the Copyright Clearance Center.

 

This text emphasizes the advantages of survey research. The authors describe the nuances of survey research projects, including their design, methods, analysis, and limitations.

Walden University. (n.d.a.). Paper templates. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/57.htm

 

This resource provides you access to the School of Nursing Sample Paper, which will serve as a template for formatting your papers.

Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012b). Data collection. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 4 minutes.

 

Dr. Kristen Mauk discusses how she collected data for her DNP project in this video. She describes the details of her pre- and post-tests used to track nurses’ knowledge in a rehabilitation unit.

 

Optional Resources

Krainovich-Miller, B., Haber, J., Yost, J., & Jacobs, S. (2009). Evidence-based practice challenge: teaching critical appraisal of systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines to graduate students. Journal of Nursing Education, 48(4), 186–195.

 

This text emphasizes the advantages of survey research. The authors describe the nuances of survey research projects, including their design, methods, analysis, and limitations.

Horsley, T., Hyde, C., Santesso, N., Parkes, J., Milne, R., & Stewart, R. (2011). Teaching critical appraisal skills in healthcare settings. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Online), 11, Art. No.: CD001270.

Melnyk, B., Fineout-Overholt, E., & Mays, M. (2009). The evidence-based practice beliefs and implementation scales: Psychometric properties of two new instruments. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 6(1), 49.

Fawcett, J., & Garity, J. (2009). Evaluating research for evidence-based nursing. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. David Company.

Chapter 9, “Evaluation of Research Instruments and Experimental Conditions”

CAPsim Db6

/in /by

Read Chapter 2 found in your Capsim e-Textbook, Marketing: How do we identify, entice and add value for customer?

Porter’s Five Forces model is a well-known approach to developing a sustainable competitive advantage. For a company to develop a competitive advantage, however, the four functional areas, as described in Chapter 2, and the employees must effectively work together toward shared goals and manage the complex interactions of ideas, people, and capital. Address the following:

  • Describe your Capsim team’s experience with the interactions of your team’s functional areas.
  • What sustainable competitive advantage were you able to develop, if any?
  • How did your team balance the needs of internal and external stakeholders?
  • What are the marketing realities your team faced and how did you address them?

250 words in length,

APA format

1 Reference in addition to e-Text

Enron’s Corporate Culture Of “Survival Of The Fittest” Contribute To The Unethical Business

/in /by

Background:

Chapters 15-18 in Business Essentials explain in detail the roles of accounting, money, and banking in our economic business environment. These Chapters further describe the management of business finances, highlighting the ramifications of poor accounting, financial, and ethical decisions.

Assignment Details:

In this assignment, you will watch Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room and then use your readings to answer the questions below. Make sure you cite the text for any concepts you take from it for your response. You do not need to use formal academic citation, but may use informal citation within  your post.

As a reminder, informal citation gives credit to the source within your text; for example, you might write, “According to Business Essentials by Ronald J. Ebert and Ricky W. Griffith…”

  1. Explain the concept of mark-to-market accounting as used by Skilling and Lay and why this accounting method is particularly susceptible to ethical indiscretions.
  2. In what ways did the Securities and Exchange Commission fail to monitor Enron’s use of this accounting method?
  3. In what ways were the financial analysts, investment bankers, U.S. financial institutions, the SEC, and Enron’s accounting firm Arthur Anderson complicit in helping Enron cover up massive financial and accounting fraud?
  4. How did Enron’s corporate culture of “survival of the fittest” contribute to the unethical business practices by employees and executives alike? Provide examples.
  5. What is a “whistle-blower?”
  6. Why did Sherron Watkins, the whistle-blower of Enron, wait to report the firm?
  7. In what ways did Skilling’s involvement in unethical financial and accounting practices benefit stakeholders initially?
  8. What were the ultimate consequences to stakeholders and employees after bankruptcy?
  9. The priest at the end of the film mentions “the pursuit of money can cause one to lose one’s soul.” How do you interpret this quote in the context of both the Enron scandal AND your own beliefs around money and the pursuit of it.
  10. What happened to Skilling and Lay…and where are they now?

You do not need to respond to the comments from your fellow classmates but may if something they write strikes you as interesting.

Watch Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room:

Watch Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Potent, fascinating chronicle of the rise and fall of the Houston-based energy giant.

Director: Alex Gibney

Actor: Peter Coyote

Doctorate Level Assignment- Due Tomorrow- Need Tutor

/in /by

Synthesis is the act of creating something new from multiple existing entities. Synthesis of research, then, is creating a new idea from existing ideas. Synthesis of research is not a single innate skill. Rather, it is a process learned through time and practice. At the doctoral level, writing is a continual process of revision as learners improve skills and build subject matter expertise.

 

In Topic 5, you submitted a Synthesis Paper and received both feedback from your instructor and a grade for your work. In this assignment, you will expand upon your original paper with additional research from outside sources, incorporate feedback from your instructor, and provide a reflection section addressing your revision process.

 

General Requirements:

 

  • Locate the Synthesis Paper you completed in Topic 5.
  • Locate and download “Enhanced Synthesis Paper Template” from the Course Materials for this topic.
  • Locate and download “Enhanced Synthesis Paper Resources” from the Course Materials for this topic.
  • Review the articles by Baker and Pifer (2011), Gardner (2009), and Smith and Hatmaker (2014) located in the Course Materials for this topic.
  • This assignment uses a rubric. Review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
  • Doctoral learners are required to use APA style for their writing assignments.

Directions:

 

Select and read two articles from the Enhanced Synthesis Paper Resources list located in the Course Materials for this topic.

 

Locate the Synthesis Paper you completed in Topic 5. Using the feedback provided by your instructor and information from the two additional articles you selected, write an Enhanced Synthesis Paper with Reflection (1,250-1,800 words). Include the following in your paper:

 

  1. A Reflection (250-300 words) that discusses your revision process and how you incorporated your instructor’s feedback into the revised version. Similar to the format of an abstract, this section will receive its own page following the title page and preceding the Introduction.
  2. An introduction that includes a brief description of each article and its purpose, identifies the three themes that emerged from your reading, describes how they will be discussed in the paper, and presents a clear thesis statement.
  3. Support for your identified themes with evidence from each article. Provide analysis of these findings to strengthen your narrative.
  4. A discussion of the conclusions that can be drawn when the articles are taken together as a single entity. What is the overall message of the group of articles?

HR Businnes School

/in /by

1.     Operating cash flow is generated by a company’s daily operations related to production and sales of goods and/or services.

a.     True

b.     False

2.     In general, the reduction of an asset is a source of funds.

a.     True

b.     False

3.

4.     The cash conversion cycle is calculated as:

a.     Days in Inventory + Collection Period

b.     Days in Inventory – Payables Period

c.     Days in Inventory + Collection Period – Payables Period

d.     None of the above

5.     A company can shorten its cash cycle by:

a.     Reducing inventory turnover

b.     Reducing account payables

c.     Reducing days receivable

d.     None of the above

6.     A company has a retention rate of 50%, sales of $25,000, beginning equity of $50,000 and profit margins of 10%, an asset turnover ratio of .75 and debt of $10,000. What is its sustainable growth rate?

a.     2.5%

b.     1.7%

c.     3.75%

d.     Not enough information given

7.     Scenario analysis is a way of testing forecasts by changing one assumption at a time.

a.     True

b.     False

8.

9.     Which of the following is commonly used in preparing pro forma statements:

a.     Historical financial statements

b.     Projected sales

c.     Efficiency ratios

d.     All of the above

10.  Pro forma statements are:

a.     Summaries of historical financial statements

b.     Government-mandated analyses of financial statements

c.     Projected statements used in financial planning

d.     Estimated tax liabilities

11.  Which of the following liabilities form part of a company’s “real” activities?

i.          I. Short-term debt

ii.          II. Accounts payable

iii.          III. Accrued operating expenses

iv.          IV. Long-term debt

b.     III only

c.     II and III

d.     I and IV

e.     I only

12.  The cost of debt is generally lower than the cost of equity.

a.     True

b.     False

13.  M&M’s Proposition I states that a company’s value is independent of its capital structure.

a.     True

b.     False

14.  A higher level of leverage generally reduces managerial discretion.

a.     True

b.     False

15.  The Pecking Order Theory of capital structure implies a unique optimum capital structure.

a.     True

b.     False

16.  As EBIT drops, the return on equity (ROE) of a levered firm drops ______ the ROE of an otherwise identical unlevered firm.

a.     the same as

b.     relatively more than

c.     relatively less than

d.     more or less than (it cannot be determined)

17.  The owner of Grandma’s Applesauce is planning to retire after the coming year. She has to repay a loan $50,000 plus 8 percent interest and must rely on cash flow from operations to do so. Cash flow from operations is uncertain; there is a 70% probability it will equal $65,000, and a 30% probability it will equal $45,000. Assuming a tax rate of 0%, what is the owner’s expected cash flow after debt service?

a.     $9,000

b.     $5,000

c.     $11,000

d.     $7,700

18.  Shareholders prefer high risk projects when facing a high probability of bankruptcy because

a.     High risk projects usually bring high rewards.

b.     Shareholders have the residual claim on a company.

c.     Creditors have the residual claim on a company, and therefore bear the risk.

d.     There is a good chance the government will rescue them in bankruptcy.

19.  The _________ states that the value of the firm is determined solely by the value of its assets.

a.     Static Tradeoff Model

b.     M&M proposition I

c.     The Pecking Order Model

d.     Agency Theory

20.  Which of the following expresses the value of a levered firm (VL) in the Static Tradeoff model of optimal capital structure? [Note: VU denotes the value of the unlevered firm; CFD denotes expected costs of financial distress; and PV denotes present value.]

a.     VL = PV(Tax Shield) – PV(CFD)

b.     VL = VU + PV(Tax Shield) / PV(CFD)

c.     VL = VU + PV(Tax Shield) – PV(CFD)

d.     VL = VU + PV(Tax Shield)

21.  A example of indirect costs of bankruptcy is

a.     Court costs

b.     Attorney and advisor fees

c.     Lost sales due to costumers and suppliers lost trust

d.     All of the above

22.  Which of the following are equivalent under M&M proposition I?

a.     Maximizing firm value and maximizing firm profit

b.     Maximizing firm value and minimizing the cost of capital

c.     Minimizing firm’s cost of capital and minimizing firm’s debt burden

d.     Maximizing profit and minimizing taxes