HUMN8815WK3Disc2Background

To Prepare: Select a country identified as a “developing country,” and consider the various resources, programs, and services available to support people as they age within that country.Post by Day 3 the name of the country you selected and a brief summary of the resources, programs, and services available there for older adults. Explain the roles of government, society, and family in stabilizing any of these resources. Finally, explain who you think is ultimately responsible for supporting people as they age, supporting your argument with references to the literature.

What is a developing country?

A developing country, often referred to as a less developed country (LDC), is a nation characterized by lower levels of economic development, industrialization, and overall living standards compared to more developed countries. These countries are in the process of progressing and advancing economically, socially, and technologically.

The classification of a country as developing is determined using various indicators that assess its level of development. One commonly used measure is Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which represents the total value of goods and services produced within a country’s borders over a specific period. Developing countries typically have lower GDP per capita compared to their more developed counterparts.

Another widely utilized indicator is the Human Development Index (HDI), which takes into account factors such as life expectancy, education, and income levels. Countries with lower HDI scores are often classified as developing countries, indicating lower levels of human development.

Income levels also play a significant role in distinguishing developing countries. These nations tend to have lower average incomes and higher poverty rates compared to developed countries. Additionally, developing countries often face challenges in terms of industrialization and infrastructure. Their industrial sectors are less advanced, and they have limited transportation, communication, and energy systems.

Education and healthcare are crucial aspects of development, and developing countries often struggle to provide quality services in these areas. Limited access to education and healthcare can hinder social and economic progress.

Furthermore, developing countries may heavily rely on a few primary industries or commodities for their economic output. This lack of economic diversification makes them more vulnerable to external shocks and market fluctuations.

It is essential to recognize that the classification of a country as developing is not fixed. Countries can transition to higher levels of development over time through economic growth, social progress, and technological advancements. Many developing countries strive to improve living standards and achieve higher levels of development by implementing policies, making strategic investments, and engaging in international collaborations.

Overall, the term “developing country” encompasses nations that are in the process of advancement, facing challenges on their path to economic, social, and technological growth. The goal for these countries is to overcome barriers and achieve sustainable development for the benefit of their populations.

Common characteristics of developing nations

Developing nations, also known as developing countries or less developed countries (LDCs), share common characteristics that distinguish them from more economically advanced nations. These characteristics reflect the socio-economic conditions and challenges faced by these countries. While developing nations exhibit significant diversity in terms of culture, geography, and development status, there are some common traits that can be observed. Here are a few key characteristics:

Low GDP per capita: Developing nations generally have a lower Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita compared to developed countries. This indicates a lower average income and economic output per individual, highlighting the economic challenges faced by these countries.

High levels of poverty: Poverty is a common feature in developing nations, with a significant portion of the population living below the poverty line. Limited access to education, healthcare, clean water, and basic infrastructure contribute to the persistence of poverty in these countries.

Limited access to quality healthcare and education: Developing nations often face challenges in providing accessible and quality healthcare services and education to their populations. Limited healthcare facilities, inadequate infrastructure, and a lack of qualified healthcare professionals hinder access to essential healthcare services. Similarly, inadequate educational infrastructure, lack of resources, and insufficient teacher training impact the quality of education.

High population growth rate: Many developing nations experience high population growth rates due to factors such as high birth rates, improved healthcare leading to longer life expectancy, and limited access to family planning. This rapid population growth places additional strain on already limited resources and infrastructure, making it challenging to meet the needs of the growing population.

Dependence on primary industries: Developing nations often rely heavily on primary industries such as agriculture, mining, and natural resource extraction. These industries may account for a significant portion of their GDP and employment. However, this heavy reliance on primary industries can make these countries vulnerable to commodity price fluctuations, environmental degradation, and limited economic diversification.

Income inequality: Income inequality is often pronounced in developing nations, with a significant wealth gap between the rich and the poor. Limited access to economic opportunities, unequal distribution of resources, and social disparities contribute to income inequality within these countries.

Limited infrastructure development: Developing nations often face challenges in developing and maintaining adequate infrastructure, including transportation networks, communication systems, and power supply. Insufficient infrastructure hinders economic growth, limits access to essential services, and impedes trade and investment.

Political and institutional challenges: Many developing nations face political and institutional challenges, including weak governance, corruption, and inadequate legal frameworks. These factors can hinder economic development, discourage investment, and undermine public trust in institutions.

It is important to note that while these characteristics are common among developing nations, there is considerable variation among individual countries. Each nation faces unique circumstances and challenges that influence its development trajectory. Additionally, developing nations also possess strengths, such as cultural richness, natural resources, and human capital, which can be harnessed for sustainable development and progress.

Associated Theories on Development

There are several theories and frameworks associated with the concept of development that offer different perspectives on the factors influencing economic, social, and technological progress. These theories provide valuable insights into the dynamics of development and help shape our understanding of the complexities involved. Here are some prominent theories often discussed in relation to development:

Modernization Theory: Modernization theory suggests that societies progress through distinct stages of development as they adopt modern economic and social institutions. It emphasizes the role of industrialization, urbanization, technological advancements, and cultural changes in promoting development. According to this theory, societies transition from traditional agrarian economies to industrialized, urbanized, and modernized economies.

Dependency Theory: Dependency theory challenges the assumptions of modernization theory by highlighting the structural inequalities and power imbalances between developing and developed countries. It argues that the development of poorer nations is hindered by their economic dependence on wealthier nations. According to this theory, the exploitative nature of global economic systems perpetuates underdevelopment in developing countries.

Structuralism: Structuralism focuses on the structural factors that shape development, such as economic systems, political institutions, and social dynamics. It emphasizes the role of government policies, market structures, and social relations in influencing development outcomes. Structuralist theories highlight the importance of addressing structural barriers and inequalities to foster sustainable development.

Neoliberalism: Neoliberalism advocates for free market principles, limited government intervention, and economic liberalization as drivers of development. It emphasizes the role of markets in allocating resources efficiently and promoting economic growth. Neoliberal policies prioritize deregulation, privatization, and trade liberalization, with the belief that these measures will stimulate economic development.

Sustainable Development: Sustainable development focuses on achieving economic growth while considering environmental protection, social equity, and long-term sustainability. It recognizes the interdependence of economic, social, and environmental factors and seeks to balance economic development with environmental conservation and social well-being.

Human Development Theory: Human development theory, as developed by economist Amartya Sen, broadens the concept of development beyond economic indicators. It emphasizes the importance of human capabilities, well-being, and social justice as central elements of development. Human development theory advocates for empowering individuals, investing in education and healthcare, and promoting equal opportunities for all.

These theories offer diverse perspectives on the drivers and challenges of development. It is important to note that each theory has its strengths and weaknesses and that development is a complex and multifaceted process influenced by various factors specific to each country and context. Understanding these theories can help policymakers and scholars analyze development issues and formulate strategies to foster sustainable and inclusive development.

Here is a list of developing countries according to the United Nations classification of countries by their level of development

1. Afghanistan
2. Angola
3. Bangladesh
4. Benin
5. Bhutan
6. Bolivia
7. Burkina Faso
8. Burundi
9. Cambodia
10. Cameroon
11. Central African Republic
12. Chad
13. Comoros
14. Congo, Dem. Rep.
15. Congo, Rep.
16. Côte d’Ivoire
17. Djibouti
18. Egypt
19. El Salvador
20. Eritrea
21. Eswatini
22. Ethiopia
23. Gambia
24. Ghana
25. Guatemala
26. Guinea
27. Guinea-Bissau
28. Haiti
29. Honduras
30. India
31. Indonesia
32. Iran
33. Iraq
34. Kenya
35. Kiribati
36. Kyrgyzstan
37. Lao People’s Democratic Republic
38. Lebanon
39. Lesotho
40. Liberia
41. Madagascar
42. Malawi
43. Mali
44. Mauritania
45. Micronesia
46. Moldova
47. Mongolia
48. Morocco
49. Mozambique
50. Myanmar
51. Nepal
52. Nicaragua
53. Niger
54. Nigeria
55. North Korea
56. Pakistan
57. Papua New Guinea
58. Philippines
59. Rwanda
60. São Tomé and Príncipe
61. Senegal
62. Sierra Leone
63. Solomon Islands
64. Somalia
65. South Sudan
66. Sri Lanka
67. Sudan
68. Syria
69. Tajikistan
70. Tanzania
71. Timor-Leste
72. Togo
73. Tonga
74. Tunisia
75. Uganda
76. Ukraine
77. Uzbekistan
78. Vanuatu
79. Vietnam
80. Yemen
81. Zambia
82. Zimbabwe

Please note that this list is not exhaustive, and the classification of countries as developing is subject to change based on various factors and criteria.

In many countries, the government plays a significant role in providing resources, programs, and services for older adults. These may include social security or pension programs, healthcare services, long-term care facilities, subsidized housing, and support for caregivers. The government’s responsibility is to create policies, allocate resources, and establish a regulatory framework to ensure the well-being and welfare of older adults.

Society also has a role to play in supporting older adults. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community-based organizations, and volunteer groups often provide assistance, advocacy, and social support to older adults. These organizations may offer programs focused on healthcare, social engagement, education, and addressing specific needs of older individuals.

Family plays a crucial role in the support of older adults, particularly in developing countries where intergenerational relationships are highly valued. In many cultures, it is expected that family members, especially adult children, will provide care and support for their aging parents or relatives. Family members may assist with daily activities, provide financial support, and ensure access to healthcare and other services. However, the ability of families to fulfill these responsibilities can vary depending on factors such as economic conditions, cultural norms, and geographic proximity.

Determining the ultimate responsibility for supporting people as they age is a complex question. Different societies and cultures have varying perspectives on this matter. In some cases, there is an expectation that the government should bear the primary responsibility for providing support through social welfare programs. In other cases, the burden may be placed on the family or the individual themselves to plan and prepare for their own aging.

It is important to note that the responsibility for supporting people as they age should be seen as a collective effort involving multiple stakeholders. Governments, society, families, and individuals all have roles to play in ensuring the well-being and dignity of older adults. Collaboration and coordination among these stakeholders are crucial to address the evolving needs and challenges associated with an aging population.

To obtain specific and up-to-date information on the resources, programs, and services available for older adults in a particular developing country, I recommend consulting reputable sources such as government websites, international organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) or the United Nations (UN), and academic research on aging and social policies.