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no plag no high turn-in will post and update other documents as needed
Module 6 Short Paper              Research into nurse turnover and effective retention interventions is an important topic for healthcare administrators with a looming effect of nursing shortages. Developing appropriate research methods in conjunction with data collection and analysis has the ability to provide substantial information regarding efficacy of interventions, along with exposing necessities for additional research. Using PICO formatted questions with key search terms such as nurses or turnover to discover current and relevant data for nurse retention intervention effects and using comparative statistics to determine levels of association can help craft important decisions to decrease nurse turnover. Throughout the process, awareness to gaps or inconsistencies in research is necessary to provide knowledge of additional research requirements and present bias.                The research methods used to address the research questions within the chosen studies mainly consist of secondary data analysis through literature review for systematic reviews, along with obtaining completed interviews and surveys to obtain information. The systematic reviews utilized peer-reviewed, published articles in English and were included based on quality assessment tools within the data collection procedures, all appropriate for the research method. The interviews conducted surrounding financial incentives could have been combined with an anonymous survey to establish mixed method results, further corroborating the evidence; however, the surveys obtained, while contributory to the research question, allowed for current workers only, not incorporating nurses who had left the career field (Yeager & Wisniewski, 2017).    The data collection methods for the systematic reviews are similar based on the research question being answered. A combination of PICO formed questions and key search words populated relevant articles for review and allowed for blinded reviews and quality assessment tools to be used for inclusion criteria, with the exception of one study who used the quality assessment tool to interpret results rather than allow for inclusion (Mbemba, Gagnon, Paré, & Côté, 2013). Key search words included intervention, nurses, nurse retention, personnel turnover, recruitment, and a combination of several other terms (Brook, Aitken, Webb, MacLaren, & Salmon, 2019; Halter, et al., 2017; Yeager & Wisniewski, 2017). The data collection format enabled researchers to have current and applicable data for review, most appropriate for synthesis. Data analysis was primarily performed with the use of simpler statistics such as means, medians, and sample sizes to determine positive or negative correlations with different intervention types and establish a measure of association. One of the more effective uses of statistical analysis was the median and IQR utilized to establish effects of nurse retention and turnover based on different interventions (Brook, et al., 2019). The use of comparative statistics and direction of association between groups and/or interventions within the systematic reviews is the most effective and appropriate method for the integrated review due to the review methods of each included research article.               Despite best research and data collection methods, several gaps and inconsistencies were located throughout the review process with indications showing additional research is required to fully decipher the effectiveness of specific interventions on nurse retention. One of the routine gaps in the literature was the lack of controlled trials and limited reliable observational studies; however, several were subject to publication bias by lacking any negative findings in the research. Alternatively, Yeager and Wisniewski (2017) reported low response rates on surveys, though the lack of data on non-respondents left an inability to test for bias. Additionally, the surveys only included current workers, not workers who had previously left the career field (Yeager & Wisniewski, 2017). Another gap located was the inconsistency of quality review scores for inclusion purposes, as some data was allowed regardless of the quality assessment score received (Salt, Cummings & Profetto-McGrath, 2008). Lastly, no guarantee was submitted to ensure only nurse-responses were involved in the data collection, allowing interventions and responses from other medical professionals to skew results for effective nurse retention methods (Mbemba, et al., 2013).               Utilizing secondary data analysis, quality data assessments and comparative statistics to find associations between nurse retention methods and effective interventions provides an ability to retrieve current data with specific relevance to the nursing population. The use of blind reviews helps to eliminate data irrelevance and bias; however, utilizing only published reviews can exhibit publication bias and a lack of negative findings. A lack of reliable trials and controlled studies regarding nurse retention methods provides limited evidence and data to support effective interventions. More research in this field is necessary to determine consistent positive associations in interventions for the retention of nurses.        References  Brook, J., Aitken, L., Webb, R., MacLaren, J., & Salmon, D. (2019). Characteristics of successful interventions to reduce turnover and increase retention of early career nurses: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 91, 47-59. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.11.003  Halter, M., Pelone, F., Boiko, O., Beighton, C., Harris, R., Gale, J., Gourlay, S., & Drennan, V. (2017). Interventions to reduce adult nursing turnover: A systematic review of systematic reviews. The Open Nursing Journal, 11(1), 108-123. doi:10.2174/1874434601711010108  Mbemba, G., Gagnon, M., Paré, G., & Côté, J. (2013). Interventions for supporting nurse retention in rural and remote areas: an umbrella review. Human Resources for Health, 11(1). doi:10.1186/1478-4491-11-44  Salt, J., Cummings, G. G., & Profetto-McGrath, J. (2008). Increasing retention of new graduate nurses. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 38(6), 287-296. doi:10.1097/01.nna.0000312788.88093.2e  Yeager, V. A., & Wisniewski, J. M. (2017). Factors that influence the recruitment and retention of nurses in public health agencies. Public Health Reports, 132(5), 556-562. doi:10.1177/0033354917719704 
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Comparative effectiveness of exercise interventions for preventing falls in older adults: A secondary analysis of a systematic review with network meta-analysis. Sibley KM, et al. Exp Gerontol. 2021. PMID: 33186739 Review. Interventions to improve adherence to exercise therapy for falls prevention in community-dwelling older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis.Hughes KJ, et al. Age Ageing. 2019. PMID: 30358800 Comparisons of Interventions for Preventing Falls in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Tricco AC, Thomas SM, Veroniki AA, Hamid JS, Cogo E, Strifler L, Khan PA, Robson R, Sibley KM, MacDonald H, Riva JJ, Thavorn K, Wilson C, Holroyd-Leduc J, Kerr GD, Feldman F, Majumdar SR, Jaglal SB, Hui W, Straus SE.JAMA. 2017 Nov 7;318(17):1687-1699. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.15006.PMID: 29114830 Free PMC article. Review. Pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were conducted. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Injurious falls and fall-related hospitalizations. …CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Exercise alone and various combinations of interventions …     2 Cite       Share       Exercise to prevent falls in older adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Sherrington C, Michaleff ZA, Fairhall N, Paul SS, Tiedemann A, Whitney J, Cumming RG, Herbert RD, Close JCT, Lord SR.Br J Sports Med. 2017 Dec;51(24):1750-1758. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096547. Epub 2016 Oct 4.PMID: 27707740 Free article. Review. OBJECTIVE: Previous meta-analyses have found that exercise prevents falls in older people. …SUMMARY/CONCLUSIONS: Exercise as a single intervention can prevent falls in community-dwelling older people. …     3 Cite       Share       Multifactorial falls prevention programmes for older adults presenting to the emergency department with a fall: systematic review and meta-analysis. Morello RT, Soh SE, Behm K, Egan A, Ayton D, Hill K, Flicker L, Etherton-Beer CD, Arendts G, Waldron N, Redfern J, Haines T, Lowthian J, Nyman SR, Cameron P, Fairhall N, Barker AL.Inj Prev. 2019 Dec;25(6):557-564. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043214. Epub 2019 Jul 9.PMID: 31289112 Free article. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether multifactorial falls prevention interventions are effective in preventing falls, fall injuries, emergency department (ED) re-presentations and hospital admissions in older adults presenting to the ED with a fall. …     4       Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Sherrington C, Fairhall NJ, Wallbank GK, Tiedemann A, Michaleff ZA, Howard K, Clemson L, Hopewell S, Lamb SE.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jan 31;1(1):CD012424. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012424.pub2.PMID: 30703272 Free PMC article. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of any form of exercise as a single intervention on falls in people aged 60+ years living in the community. …The effects of such exercise programmes are …     5 Cite    Share     Association of Long-term Exercise Training With Risk of Falls, Fractures, Hospitalizations, and Mortality in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. de Souto Barreto P, Rolland Y, Vellas B, Maltais M.JAMA Intern Med. 2019 Mar 1;179(3):394-405. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.5406.PMID: 30592475 Free PMC article. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review and investigate the association of long-term exercise interventions (1 year) with the risk of falls, injurious falls, multiple falls, fractures, hospitalization, and mortality in older adults …     6 Cite       Share       Exercise interventions for older adults: A systematic review of meta-analyses. Di Lorito C, Long A, Byrne A, Harwood RH, Gladman JRF, Schneider S, Logan P, Bosco A, van der Wardt V.J Sport Health Sci. 2021 Jan;10(1):29-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.06.003. Epub 2020 Jun 7.PMID: 32525097 Free PMC article. We aimed to characterize the extent of this diversity and inconsistency and identify future directions for research by undertaking a systematic review of meta-analyses of exercise interventions in older adults. METHODS: We s …
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Running Head: MODULE 6 SHORT PAPER 1 Module 6 Short Paper Rachel Watson Southern New Hampshire University MODULE 6 SHORT PAPER 2 Module 6 Short Paper Research into nurse turnover and effective retention interventions is an important topic for healthcare administrators with a looming effect of nursing shortages. Developing appropriate research methods in conjunction with data collection and analysis has the ability to provide subst antial information regarding efficacy of interventions, along with exposing necessities for additional research. Using PICO formatted questions with key search terms such as nurses or turnover to discover current and relevant data for nurse retention inter vention effects and using comparative statistics to determine levels of association can help craft important decisions to decrease nurse turnover. Throughout the process, awareness to gaps or inconsistencies in research is necessary to provide knowledge of additional research requirements and present bias. The research methods used to address the research questions within the chosen studies mainly consist of secondary data analysis through literature review for systematic reviews, along with obtaining completed interviews and surveys to obtain information. The systematic reviews utilized peer -reviewed, published articles in English and were included based on quality assessment tools within the data collection procedures , all appropriate for the research method. The interviews conducted surrounding financial incentives could have been combined with an anonymous survey to establish mixed method results, further corroborating the evidence ; however, the surveys obtained, while contributory to the research que stion, allowed for current workers only, not incorporating nurses who had left the career field (Yeager & Wisniewski, 2017). The data collection methods for the systematic reviews are similar based on the research question being answered. A combination of PICO formed questions and key search words populated relevant articles for review and allowed for blinded reviews and quality assessment MODULE 6 SHORT PAPER 3 tools to be used for inclusion criteria, with the exception of one study who used the quality assessment tool to interpret results rather than allow for inclusion (Mbemba, Gagnon, Paré, & Côté, 2013). Key search words included intervention, nurses, nurse retention, personnel turnover, recruitment, and a combination of several other terms ( Brook, Aitken, Webb, MacLaren, & Salmon, 2019; Halter, et al., 2017; Yeager & Wisniewski, 2017). The data collection format enabled researchers to have current and applicable data for review, most appropriate for synthesis. Data analysis was primarily performed with the use of simpler st atistics such as means, medians, and sample sizes to determine positive or negative correlations with different intervention types and establish a measure of association. One of the more effective uses of statistical analysis was the median and IQR utilize d to establish effects of nurse retention and turnover based on different interventions ( Brook, et al., 2019). The use of comparative statistics and direction of association between groups and/or interventions within the systematic reviews is the most effe ctive and appropriate method for the integrated review due to the review methods of each included research article. Despite best research and data collection methods, s everal gaps and inconsistencies were located throughout the review process with indications showing additional research is required to fully decipher the effectiveness of specific interventions on nurse retention. One of the routine gaps in the literature was the lack of controlled trials and limited reliable observational studies; however, several were subject to publication bias by lacking any negative findings in the research. Alternatively, Yeager and Wisniewski (2017) reported low response rates on surveys, though the lack of data on non- respondents left an inability to test for b ias. Additionally, the surveys only included current workers, not workers who had previously left the career field (Yeager & Wisniewski, 2017). Another gap located was the inconsistency of quality review MODULE 6 SHORT PAPER 4 scores for inclusion purposes, as some data was allowed regardless of the quality assessment score received (Salt, Cummings & Profetto -McGrath, 2008). Lastly, no guarantee was submitted to ensure only nurse -responses were involved in the data collection, allowing interventions and responses from other medic al professionals to skew results for effective nurse retention methods (Mbemba, et al., 2013). Utilizing secondary data analysis, quality data assessments and comparative statistics to find associations between nurse retention methods and effective inter ventions provides an ability to retrieve current data with specific relevance to the nursing population. The use of blind reviews helps to eliminate data irrelevance and bias; however, utilizing only published reviews can exhibit publication bias and a lac k of negative findings. A lack of reliable trials and controlled studies regarding nurse retention methods provides limited evidence and data to support effective interventions. More research in this field is necessary to determine consistent positive associations in interventions for the retention of nurses. MODULE 6 SHORT PAPER 5 References Brook, J., Aitken, L., Webb, R., MacLaren, J., & Salmon, D. (2019). Characteristics of successful interventions to reduce turnover and increase retention of early career nurses: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies , 91, 47-59. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.11.003 Halter, M., Pelone, F., Boiko, O., Beighton, C., Harris, R., Gale, J., Gourlay, S., & Drennan, V. (2017). Interventions to reduce adult nursing turnover: A systematic review of systematic reviews. The Open Nursing Journal , 11(1), 108-123. doi:10.2174/1874434601711010108 Mbemba, G., Gagnon, M., Paré, G., & Côté, J. (2013). Interventions for supporting nurse retention in rural and remote areas: an umbrella review. Human Resources for Health, 11(1). doi:10.1186/1478- 4491-11-44 Salt, J., Cummings, G. G., & Profetto-McGrath, J. (2008). Increasing retention of new graduate nurses. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 38(6), 287- 296. doi:10.1097/01.nna.0000312788.88093.2e Yeager, V. A., & Wisniewski, J. M. (2017). Factors that influence the recruitment and retention of nurses in public health agencies. Public Health Reports , 132(5), 556-562. doi:10.1177/0033354917719704