Question 5 ___________ minerals are dark-colored because they contain _____________. Mafic; iron and/or magnesium Mafic; calcium, sodium, or potassium Felsic; calcium, sodium, or potassium Felsic

Question 5

___________ minerals are dark-colored because they contain _____________.

Mafic; iron and/or magnesium

Mafic; calcium, sodium, or potassium

Felsic; calcium, sodium, or potassium

Felsic; iron and/or magnesium

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a mineral?

naturally occuring

multiple chemical compositions

crystal structure

inorganic in origin

Question 7

What are the 2 most common elements in minerals we find in the earth’s crust?

Oxygen and Silicon

Carbon and Nitrogen

Iron and Silicon

Iron and Magnesium

Question 8

What property would you use to distinguish between augite and hornblende?

hardness

cleavage

crystal shape

color

Question 9

During mineral identification process, geologists can utilize color of mineral to find out whether it is

Mafic or Felsic

Salted or Unsalted

Metallic or Non metallic

Magnetite or Hematite

Question 10

These minerals are often similar in color but can be distinguished by their ____ streak color.

Magnesite- White, Magnetite- Black

Hematite- Red, Magnesite- White

Halite- White, Magnetite- Black

Hematite- Red, Magnetite- Black

Question 11

What are the best properties for distinguishing the black minerals biotite and hornblende apart?

cleavage and streak

hardness and cleavage

hardness and color

color and streak

Question 12

Multiple answer question !

Regarding crystal size of igneous rocks, which statements  are true

Slow rate promotes growth of fewer but larger crystals

Very fast cooling forms glass

Very fast cooling forms the biggest crystals

Fast rate forms many small crystals

Question 13

Which mineral group make up the majority of the Earth’s crust?

Sulphide

Silicate

Halide

Phosphate

Question 14

What is the most important use of apatite?

ceramic tile

gemstone

dog food

phosphorous for fertilizer

Question 15

Quartz and feldspar share a similar ____________ silicate structure.

single-chain

sheet

double-chain

framework

Question 16

Which of the following minerals has 3 good cleavages that are NOT at 90 degrees?

fluorite

dolomite

galena

halite

Question 17

When a mineral breaks, it often does so along its plane or planes, which is known as

luster.

cleavage.

hardness.

streak.

Question 18

The following process results in which type of rocks?

Step 1. Sedimentary rocks melt underneath the ground due to high temperature and produce magma.

Step 2. This magma rises and reaches the near surface (still under the ground).

Step 3. The magma cools down and forms a rock.

Sandstone

Sedimentary

Rhyolite

Igneous

Metamorphic

Question 19 1 pts

The following process results in which type of rocks?

Step 1. Metamorphic rocks melt underneath the ground due to high temperature and produce magma.

Step 2. This magma rises and reaches the near surface (still under the ground).

Step 3. The magma cools down and forms a rock.

Igneous

Sedimentary

Rhyolite

Sandstone

Metamorphic

Question 20

There are two main forces which are involved in constantly changing the rocks from one form (igneous or sedimentary or metamorphic)  to another. Among the following options please find the above mentioned forces.

[choose two correct answers]

The hydrological cycle

Wind

Cosmic rays

Earth’s internal heat

Gravitational force

Question 21

Magma that reaches the surface (extrudes onto the surface) is called ______?

granite

quartz

pumice

lava

Question 22

Extremely coarse crystalline igneous texture is called _______?  pyritic

pegmatitic

pyroclastic

phenocrystallic

Question 23

Which of the following gases is NOT commonly found in magma and lava?

carbon monoxide (CO)

sulfur dioxide (SO2)

water vapor (H2O)

carbon dioxide (CO2)

Question 24

Large amounts of iron and magnesium elements would most likely be present in ___________ igneous rocks?

rhyolitic and granite

mafic or ultramafic

felsic and mafic

intermediate or felsic

Question 25

Aphanitic igneous rocks form when magma cools _________________?

slowly underground

faily rapidly on the surface of the ground

slowly on the surface of the ground

rapidly underground

Question 26

A porphyritic rock contains both ________ and __________.  phenocrysts; groundmass

phenocrysts; vesicles

vesicles; crystals

pegmatites; groundmass

Question 27

Which of the following ARE examples of phaneritic igneous rocks?

diorite and andesite

basalt and gabbro

granite and rhyolite

granite and diorite

Question 28

____________ melting takes place with in the Earth when a body of rock is held at approximately the same temperature but the pressure is reduced.

Flux

Decompression

Plume

Heated

Question 29

What is an aphanitic texture in igneous rocks?

a coarse-grained texture in which all crystals are visible to thenaked eye

a texture in which some crystals are bigger than others, but all are visible to the naked eye

a glassy texture in which all crystals are visible to the naked eye

a fine-grained texture in which crystals are present, but generally not visible to the naked eye

Question 30

What type(s) of igneous rock(s) is/are most likely to form along an oceanic-continental type of convergent plate boundary?

granitic and andesitic

granitic and basaltic

andesitic and basaltic

granitic

Question 31

Igneous rocks that solidify or cool on the Earth’s surface are called ____?

extrusive or intrusive

intrusive or plutonic

extrusive or plutonic

extrusive or volcanic

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT an example of a phaneritic igneous rock?

diorite

rhyolite

gabbro

granite

Question 33

Mafic igneous rocks melt at ____________ temperatures than felsic igneous rocks?

higher

lower or higher

lower

the same

Question 34

Which of the following rocks are igneous?

basalt and sandstone

sandstone and limestone

granite and sandstone

granite and basalt

Question 35

Where can decompression melting be found? Multiple answers

divergent plate boundaries

mantle plumes

active margins

convergent boundaries

Question 36

You were given a rock, and you were told that  rock has phaneritic texture and the following composition:

Quartz: 25%

K-feldspar: 25%

Plagioclase feldspar : 45%

Biotite: 10% . Which rock is this?

Shale

Diorite

Granite

Basalt