1.What might have caused Lisa to feel/react the way she did? 2. Pretend you were one of her classmates, how would you have felt? 3. What was the instructor’s reaction? How could s/he have prevented Li

1.What might have caused Lisa to feel/react the way she did? 2. Pretend you were one of her classmates, how would you have felt? 3. What was the instructor’s reaction? How could s/he have prevented Li
INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEAKING Chapter – 1 Chapter Objectives  Articulate at least three reasons why public speaking skills are important  Describe the difference between linear and the transactional model of communication  List, define, and give an example of each of the components of communication  Differentiate between the major types of speeches  Identify the eleven core public speaking competencies 2 Introduction  Humans’ ability to communicate using formalized systems of language sets us apart from other living creatures on the Earth 3 Benefits of Public Speaking  Core skills listed in the category of intellectual and practical skills  Benefits in many ways  Personal life  Professional life  Public life 4 Models of Communication T hree -part model. Radio and television transmission process Linear Model of Communication An ongoing, circular process Transactional Model of Communication 5 Linear Model of Communication 6 Transactional Model of Communication 7 Elements of the Communication Process  Encoding – process of taking an idea or mental image, associating that image with words, and then speaking those words in order to convey a message  Decoding – reverse process of listening to words, thinking about them, and turning those words into mental images  Communicator – refers to all of the people in the interaction or speech setting (verbal and non – verbal)  Message – involves those verbal and nonverbal behaviors, enacted by communicators, that are interpreted with meaning by others 8 Elements of the Communication Process (Continuation)  Channel – means through which the message travels  Noise – anything that interferes with message transmission or reception 1. Physiological noise 2. Psychological noise 3. Physical noise 4. Cultural noise 9 Elements of the Communication Process (Continuation)  Worldview – overall framework through which an individual sees, thinks about, and interprets the world and interacts with the following: 1. Epistemology – The way we acquire knowledge 2. Ontology – Perception 3. Axiology – Our beliefs 4. Cosmology – Comparison of our relationship with the world 5. Praxeology – Preferred method of solving problems  Context – Physical setting where communication occurred 10 Types of Speeches and Speaking Occasions  Four General Purposes 1. Inform 2. Persuade 3. Commemorate or entertain 4. Motivate 11 Speaking Competencies 1. Useful topic 2. Engaging introduction 3. Clear organization 4. Well – supported ideas 5. Closure in conclusion 6. Clear and vivid language 12 Speaking Competencies (continuation) 7. Suitable vocal expression 8. Corresponding nonverbals 9. Adapted to the audience 10. Adept use of visual aids 11. Convincing persuasion 13 Conclusion  An effective speaker knows that the success or failure of his talk is not for him to decide — it will be decided in the minds and hearts of his hearers. ~Dale Carnegie 14