Respond to a & b:

a)In the years during WWII, and after the end of the war, would you argue that women’s education placed them on equal footing with their male counterparts? Why/why not? 150 or more words

b) What is Title IX, and in what ways does it address or grapple with the issues set forward by both Barbara Miller Solomon in chapter 12, as well as in the Eisenmann article? Please provide substantive examples from the texts.

250 or more words

Please include author last name, date of publication, and page references in body of your response.

Econ 422
International Payments
Winter 2020
Term paper
Is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) an Optimum Currency Area?
NAFTA is an agreement between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico, which came into effect in 1994, creating one of the largest trade blocs in the world by GDP.
Based on what you learned in this course about the theory of Optimum Currency Area (OCA) developed by Robert Mundell, I would like you to write an essay on whether you think the NAFTA qualifies to be an optimum currency area by checking whether all the conditions of an OCA are
satisfied.
I also expect to see in the essay the potential benefits and costs from the formation of a monetary union between the three countries and the current barriers, if any exist, that prevent the creation of this monetary union. You can also present some recommendations to the policymakers in the three countries on how to accelerate the formation of that monetary union if there is an interest to form that union.
Students are expected to benefit from the posted notes on eclass and to utilize relevant online resources
on the internet, including published official data, journal articles, and reports related to the essay topic.
Essay Length: 1000 -1200 words.
Every student must submit an individual essay.

 

There are 6 questions of equal value; do any 5.  If you wish to complete a 5th question, I will count your top 5.  Each of the questions will be scored out of 20.

 

There are also 4 bonus points available.  See below on this page.

 

 

 

BONUS: up to 5 points (1 point for each reasonable test)

 

You have a container filled with either CO₂ or with N₂O.  Describe up to five chemical or instrumental tests that you could use to distinguish between these two room temperature gases.  N.B.  Tests that involve smelling, tasting or inhaling these gases will not count!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2a)       (8 points)         HPLC and GC are alike in many aspects, but they differ in many ways as well.  Focus on the most important difference illustrated in each the following:

 

1. Although direct injection is quite common in GC, it is never used in HPLC

 

 

1. GC-mass spec was commercially available long before LC-MS.

 

 

1. There is a much broader array of column choices for HPLC than there is for GC.

 

 

1. The shift from packed columns to capillary columns revolutionized GC, but this “breakthrough” was never copied in HPLC.

 

 

2b)       (12 points)       For each method, begin by identifying an analyte (or class of analytes) that takes full advantage of the benefits of this type of detector.  Your answer should be clear on what the primary advantage(s) of the detector is (are), and also describe a class of analytes that could not by detected by this method.

 

1. TCD for (GC)

 

1. ECD (for GC)

 

1. c) Mass Spec (for HPLC)

 

1. d) UV/ vis diode array (for HPLC)

 

 

 

3)          Your neighbor in the Chatham Apartments loves to play her music really loud, but you like it quiet when you study.  You’ve been feuding much of the semester.  Last week she brought you a nice card and some potpourri for your room, and you thought she wanted to apologize.  However, you found an empty can of ethyl parathion in the dumpster this morning, and now you are beginning to worry that she is trying to poison you.

 

4 points)          Draw ethyl parathion and provide its IUPAC name.  The “ChemDraw name” is also acceptable.

16 points)        Using any of the equipment we’ve studied to date, design an experimental protocol to determine how much, if any, ethyl parathion is in the potpourri.  Select the most appropriate form of instrumentation for the measurement, and explain your choice.

Describe any necessary sample collection, sample work-up, preparation of standards, proper instrument configuration (describe each component in the block diagram) and estimate the limit of detection you could expect. Be sure to cite your sources in this, and all your answers.

 

 

4) If you learn anything in Organic Chemistry, you learn that not all white powders are the same thing.  You’ve been hanging around in the lab after hours again, trying to make your own painkillers.  Now you have a white powder.

(15 points) For each of the following instrumental methods, describe (in no more than 2-3 sentences each) the sample preparation needed to prepare the white powder for analysis, and exactly what you could look for in the resultant data to differentiate between compounds 1 and 2 below.  Be sure that your sample prep choices do not conflict with the way you want to distinguish between your options.

(5 points) If you were a lawyer defending a client accused of possession of heroin based on the results of an HPLC analysis (with a single-wavelength detector), what questions might you ask in an effort to discredit the results?  Why?

a)      IR

b)     GC-MS

c)      HPLC-UV detection

d)     Fluorescence

e)      Mass Spectrometry (without GC or HPLC)

1) Codeine                                           2)  Heroin

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5)          In the interests of science, you convinced yourself it was necessary to set up and operate an illegal still.  You now have a clear colorless liquid, and two burning questions. You wish to know the “proof” of ethanol in the sample.  (proof = percent ethanol * 2; ex 40% ethanol = 80 proof)

 

In addition, you understand that if your distillation technique was bad and there was methanol in your distillate you could drink yourself blind, so you want to be sure it is methanol free.

 

In your lab you have GCs equipped with FID, TCD and ECD detectors.

 

(3 points)         Why is drinking MeOH hazardous to your eyesight?  (One sentence please; this is not biochem!)

 

(12 points)       Explain how you would configure the instrument for the experiment, including your choice of components, sample preparation, and how you would use the data to solve for the concentration of ethanol (and methanol, if present).  Include any necessary control or calibration experiments required by your method.

 

(5 points)         Simulate (draw) the data output that you would expect from the instrument configured as you above if your “moonshine” was actually 50% water, 40% ethanol and 10% methanol.  (draw chromatogram, but make sure it’s consistent to whatever detector you use)

 

 

 

 

 

 

6a) (4 points)   As part of a CHM lab, you have an aqueous solution buffered to pH 7.0 and containing the amino acids aspartic acid, arginine and glycine.  Draw the structures of these three amino acids at this pH, paying particular care to show the exact state of each potentially charged site.  (Hint: at pH 7, the backbone of every amino acid is zwitterionic.

 

 

6b) (8 points) Clearly explain the term “electroosmotic” flow as it relates to capillary electrophoresis.  As part of your answer, predict (and justify) the elution order of the three amino acids in the mixture above.

 

6c) (8 points)   Compare and contrast the operating principles of mass selection in TOF and quadrupole MS.

7) I have provided a PDF of a recent paper in food Chemistry (Food Chemistry 168 (2015) 1–6) that uses capillary electrophoresis to resolve and quantify low levels of biogenic amines from oysters.  Use this paper (and the specific quote below) as your starting point to answer the following questions.

 

The following line is excerpted from the introduction of this paper:  Therefore, aquatic products are among the fermented foods most commonly associated with BAs poisoning, and spermidine and putrescine are thought to indicate seafood quality.

 

• (2 points) Draw the chemical structures of these two compounds (spermidine and putrescine).

 

• (2 points)What are the LODs reported for each of these compounds in this paper.

 

• (4 points) In 2-3 sentences, explain the function of the detector in this method (note: we have not covered this in class yet.)

 

• (4 points) Predict the elution order of the two compounds using a phosphate buffer at pH 7.0. Explain your answer (or cite your source).

 

• (5 points) Provide citations for two other papers that measure / quantify putrescine levels using different techniques, and comment on the relative LODs.

 

• (3 points)Using the data in figure 4, determine which of the two compounds is the more sensitive probe of “product aging” in oysters.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 7 – State v. Ellis
1.List all the actions taken by the resident assistants and the Central State Police Department officers that invaded Ellis’s Fourth Amendment right of privacy in his dorm room.
2.Explain why the court’s interrogation of resident assistants’ actions was consistent with reasonable Fourth Amendment searches but the police officers’ actions were unreasonable. Do you agree? Defend your answer.
3.Interrogate Ellis’s Fourth Amendment privacy ideal from his standpoint. Back up your answer.
4.As they relate to the special needs/privacy ideal, should it matter whether the resident assistants, campus police, or city police conducted the search? Defend your answer.

Chapter 8 – Miranda v. Arizona
1.According to SCOTUS, what do the words “custody” and “interrogation” mean?
2.Why is custodial interrogation “inherently coercive,” according to the majority?
3.Identify and explain the criteria for waiving the right against self-incrimination in custodial interrogation.
4.On what grounds do the dissenters disagree with the majority’s decision? What interests are in conflict, according to the Court?
5.How do the majority and the dissent explain the balance of interests established by the Constitution?
6.Which is more consistent with the relevant criminal procedures ideals regarding the law of police interrogation, the majority’s bright-line rule, requiring warnings, or the dissent’s due process test, weighing the totality of circumstances on a case-by-case basis? Defend your answer.

Chapter 9 – Perry v. New Hampshire
1.Was the show-up accidental? Explain your answer.
2.Summarize the majority opinions arguments supporting its decision that the Manson two-prong test does not apply to the show-up.
3.Summarize Justice Sotomayor’s arguments that the Manson test should apply.
4.In your opinion should the Manson two-prong test apply to the show-up? Back up your answer with arguments from the facts and SCOTUS opinion(s).
5.How does SCOTUS address the innocence and evidence-based decision-making ideals? Explain your answer.

Chapter 10 – Hudson v. Michigan
1.List the relevant facts regarding the police entry into Booker T. Hudson home.
2.Summarize the majority’s reasons for creating the “knock-and-announce” exception.
3.Summarize the dissent’s reasons for opposing the “knock-and-announce” exception.
4.Summarize Justice Kennedy’s concurring opinion. What is the significance of his opinion? Explain.
5.In your opinion, who has the better argument? Defend your answer.

Chapter 11 – Dwares v. City of New York
1.List all the facts relevant to deciding whether NYPD officers allowed Kreitman to beat Steven Dwares.
2.Summarize the Court’s arguments applying the state-created-danger rule to the facts of this case.
3.Do you believe it should be the federal courts’ “business” to decide when police officers are liable when private people beat up other individuals? If you do, who should make these decisions? State courts? Legislatures? Special panels of experts? Explain your answer.

Chapter 12 – Town of Castle Rock v. Gonzalez
1.Summarize the majority opinion’s arguments supporting its conclusion that Gonzalez has no constitutional right to have the Castle Rock police enforce the restraining order against her husband.
2.Summarize the dissent’s arguments supporting its conclusion that Gonzalez does have a constitutional right to have the Castle Rock police enforce the restraining order against her husband.
3.Do you think the Colorado “mandatory” enforcement statute intended to take away the Castle Rock Police Department’s discretion in enforcing the restraining order? Defend your answer.
4.How important is it that Colorado was one of a number of states enacting mandatory enforcement of restraining orders in domestic abuse cases because of the widespread nonenforcement of restraining orders in domestic violence cases?

Chapter 13 – North Carolina v. Alford
1.Did Henry Alford knowingly and voluntarily plead guilty?
2.Consider the dissent’s comment that Henry Alford was “so gripped by fear of the death penalty” that his decision was “the product of duress.” Should defendants ever be allowed to plead guilty if they believe they’re innocent? Why or why not? Back up your answer with arguments from the majority and dissenting opinions.
3.Do Alford pleas promote the accuracy and sorting criminal procedure.

Chapter 14 – Lockyer, Attorney General of California v. Andrade
1.How does the majority know that the three-strikes law isn’t cruel and unusual?
2.How does the dissent know that it is cruel and unusual?
3.Are their opinions purely subjective, or are they based on some standards? If so,what are the standards?
4.Should the California legislature or the U.S. Supreme Court decide whether punishments are cruel and unusual? Explain your answer.
5.Do you believe 25 years to life is “grossly disproportionate” to Leandro Andrade’s crime? How do you know whether it is or isn’t?

Chapter 15 – U.S. v. M. Farah and Others
1.List all the facts and circumstances relevant to prove there was probable cause to issue the search and arrest warrants.
2.In your opinion, do you believe there was probable cause to deny bail to each of the defendants? Back up your answer with details from the affidavit and from the relevant text in Chapter 12.
3.Do the defendants have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their tweets, texts, and emails? Back up your answer with details from relevant sections of Chapter 1, and sections in this chapter.
4.In your opinion, should it matter where each of the defendants was born? Defend your answer.

PLEASE NUMBER EACH ANSWER ASSOCIATED WITH THE CHAPTER. ALSO PLEASE JUST USE FOUR PAGES THAT I’VE ORDERED. THE BOOK THAT’S ASSOCIATED WITH THESE CHAPTERS IS Samaha, J. Criminal Procedure, 10th, Cengage.

 

 

ACT 212

Principles of Accounting II

Spring, 2019-2020

 

Assignment 2

 

Course Code: ACT212	Course Name: Principles of Accounting II
Date:	Instructor:
Location:	Time:
Number of Students: 40	Pages: 10

 

No	Course Learning Outcomes	PLO
1	Illustrate accounting for liabilities and equity of corporations.	4
2	Employ tools and methods to analyze the financial statement data to guide investment and lending decisions.	4
3	Explain the major cost and managerial accounting concepts.	1
4	Apply the cost-volume-profit analysis to determine break-even- point and plan profit.	4	X
5	Prepare operating budgets and discuss their processes for the purposes of planning and doing differential analysis and product pricing.	2

 

NAME OF STUDENT: ________________________________________ ID: ________________________

 

INSTRUCTIONS – READ CAREFULLY

• Write your answer on this booklet.
• Programmable calculators with graphing capabilities are not allowed.
• Mobile phones, books, or other communication devices are not permitted in the examination room.
• Use of unauthorized material and attempts to cheat or plagiarize will automatically result in a grade of zero for this examination and appropriate disciplinary measures.

 

 

Q1 (15marks)	Total: (15 marks)

 

 

 

 

Question 1

 

Part 1

1. In the following equations, based on the variable costing income statement, identify the items designated by X:
2. Net Sales – X = Manufacturing Margin

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Manufacturing Margin – X = Contribution Margin

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Contribution Margin – X = Income from Operations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Part 2

 

The previous year DOU Inc. had sales of $2,400,000, based on a unit-selling price of $600. The variable cost per unit was $440, and fixed costs were $544,000. The maximum sales within Dou’s relevant range are 5,000 units. DOU is considering a proposal to spend an additional $80,000 on billboard advertising during the current year in an attempt to increase sales and utilize unused capacity.

 

Instructions

 

1. Construct a cost-volume-profit chart indicating the break-even sales for last year.

Verify your answer, using the break-even equation.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. Using the cost-volume-profit chart prepared in part (1), determine

(a) the income from operations for last year and

(b) the maximum income from operations that could have been realized during the year.

Verify your answers arithmetically.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. Construct a cost- contract is signed for the additional billboard advertising. No changes are expected in the unit selling price or other costs. Verify your answer, using the break-even equation.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4. Using the cost-volume-profit chart prepared in part (3), determine

(a) The income from operations if sales total 4,000 units and

(b) The maximum income from operations that could be realized during the year.

Verify your answers arithmetically.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. Interpret your answers in 1, 2, 3,and 4. Provide a conclusion.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Part 3

 

S.H. Products Inc. expects to maintain the same inventories at the end of 2018 as at the beginning of the year. The total of all production costs for the year is therefore assumed to be equal to the cost of goods sold. With this in mind, the various department heads were asked to submit estimates of the costs for their departments

during 2018. A summary report of these estimates is as follows:

 

 

 

It is expected that 20,000 units will be sold at a price of $100 a unit. Maximum sales within

the relevant range are 25,000 units.

 

Instructions

1. Prepare an estimated income statement for 2018.
2. What is the expected margin of safety in dollars and as a percentage of sales?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sales

Direct materials

Direct labour

Factory overhead

Cost of goods sold

Gross profit

Expenses:

Selling expenses:

Sales salaries and commissions

Advertising

Travel Miscellaneous

selling expense

Total selling expenses

Administrative expenses:

Office and officers’ salaries

Supplies

Miscellaneous administrative expense .

Total administrative expenses

Total expenses

Income from operations